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30
LESSON2
動詞の態(2)
C参p.147 ~153)
p.147)
54)S+V+O+0/S+V+O+C の受動態
S+V+O+0 の受動態
参…119
12. Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents.
S
V
O
O
→a. Children are given wonderful presents by Santa Claus.
b. Wonderful presents are given to children by Santa Claus.
0(人), 0(物)それぞれを主語にした2種類の受動態が考えられる。
a) give 型動詞(give, lend, send, show, tell など:参か.147) で、 0 (物) を主語にした場合,普通は 0
children のように0(人)の前に toをつける.(→ 12 b.)
b) buy 型動詞 (buy, make, cook, choose, get など:参か.148) では, 0 (物)のみを主語にし, 0(
は主語にしない. またO(物)を主語にしたとき, 必ずO(人)の前に for をつける.
>His grandmother made John this cake.
S
V
O
→ This cake was made for John by his grandmother.
2S+V+O+C の受動態:0を主語にし, Cは(be+過去分詞)の後にそのまま残す。
13. My classmates call the dog Ichiro.
0 C
The dog is called Ichiro by my classmates.
…120
V
$5)注意すべき受動態
p.149)
14. They say that she is the most popular singer
the U.S.
…121
→ a. It is said that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.
b. She is said to be the most popular singer in the U.S. (x She is said that )
…122
15. I was spoken to by the girl yesterday.
16. The soccer player is known to many people in the world.
17. We were surprised at the newsflash.
18. Ten people were injured in the accident.
…123
…124
…125
They say that の受動態:「.…と言われている, …だそうだ」(→14)
群動詞の受動態:群動詞全体を1語の他動詞とみなす。 15←The girl spoke to me yesterday.
3 by 以外の前置詞を使う場合(→ 16)
w wへ
ほかに be caught in ~, be covered with [in] ~, be filled with ~ など、
日本語では能動態で表すが英語では受動態を使う表現
a)感情や心理状態を表す (→17):ほかに be disappointed with [at/by] ~, be shocked by [at] ~。
be pleased with ~, be satisfied with~, be worried about ~ など、
b)被害を表す(→ 18): ほかにbe delayed, be hurt, be kiled など、
bfo 受動態で用いる前置詞に要注意。
>His grandfather was killed in [× by] the war.
注意慣用的表現: be dressed in~ (~を着ている), be seated (座る), be born (生まれる), etc.
>参p.153,XIYpical Mistakes[8] 文
