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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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13-16 を完 A ch] 1 (3) その男性は仕事を探していました。 The man was [] (4) リックはきっとその困難を克服するでしょう。 Rick will surely get over a job. the difficulty. get along with/look for / get over / put on ] ⑤ [ ]内の語句を参考にして、 日本語の意味になる英文を書きなさい。 (1) その建物は、あるドイツ人建築家によってデザインされました。 [design, architect ] The building (2) その洞窟では何が見つかりましたか。 [ be found, cave ] (3) 窓はすべて閉めておいてください。 [ keep, all ] (4) 『源氏物語』 は, 1920年代に英語に翻訳されて以来、多くの国々で読まれてきた。 [The Tale of Genji, translate ] (日本女子大) 英訳ポイント (2) 「何が見つかりましたか｣ → ｢何が見つけられましたか」と考える。 (3) 「窓はすべて閉めて おく」→「すべての窓を閉まった状態にしておく」と考える。 6 下線部 (1)~(3)の日本語を英語にし、 (4) (5) の質問に英語で答えなさい。 One popular American old-fashioned tradition is to give your partner a diamond engagement ring when you propose marriage. This is partly because diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth, so a diamond ring symbolizes how strong and never-ending your love is. The main reason, however, is that (1) ダイアモンドの指 輪が大きな広告キャンペーンで長年売り込まれました (be promoted) These ad campaigns 5 were from the largest diamond company in the world, De Beers. In the early 20th century, sales of diamonds in the U.S. were declining, so (2) デビアスは広告会社を雇って それを変えようとしました。 In 1948, the ad company started the “A Diamond Is Forever” campaign, which appeared in many fashion magazines. According to those ads, when you decide to get married (3) あなたはダイアモンドの婚約指輪をパートナーに贈るべき10 です。 Now, giving such a ring is popular not only in the U.S. but around the world. engagement ring: 婚約指輪 substance : 物質 symbolize: 表す De Beers: デビアス ad company: 広告会社 (1) (2) (4) Why does a diamond ring symbolize a love that lasts forever? (5) When were sales of diamonds declining in the U.S.? C

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28 4 Put the words in the correct order. (各1点) (1) アドバイスを求められて, 私は何と言っていいか途方に暮れた. Asked for advice, I (to/a/say/was/at/loss/what). (2) 洋子へのプレゼントを買うのを手伝ってください. (me/a/buy/present/Yoko / for). Please help (3) あなたはにんにくが何によいか知っていますか. good/do/garlic/is/know/what)? (you / for / (4) 私はおもしろければどんな本でも読みます. I (interesting/any book/as long/will read / as it / is). (5) 政夫は少しの間友人のイヌの世話をするように頼まれました。 Masao (his friend's dog/look/to/a/asked/for / after/ was) while. (北海学園 (文) (大阪

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26 1 Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. (15) (1) Peter ( ) for ten years next month. 1 teaches 3 will teach (3) Our teacher is ( likely (2) In my class, there are three students from abroad. One is from England and ( are from Australia. 1 another (4) My father is ( 1 more tall 2 others (5) My parents objected ( 1 to my climbing 3 me to climbing (8) ( (6) She had to shout to make herself ( 2 hear 1 have heard 1 Judging from 3 Though 2 will be teaching 4 will have taught ) to come by the time we promised to get together. 2 possible 3 probable 4 definite ) of the two men standing at the gate. 2 taller 3 the tall 3 the other (7) The project could be called a success, all things ( 11 consider 2 considered 3 considering ) the mountain alone in winter. 2 me of climbing 4 on me to climb TOT ) the sky, it will rain this afternoon. (10) We are now in the ( 1 late ). 3 heard (11) All teachers and students are not ( 1 necessarily 2 necessary 4 the others ) half of our training camp. 3 later 2 latter 4 the taller (9) You must leave now; ( ), you will be late for your social studies class. 1 instead 2 therefore 3 otherwise 4 accordingly 4 hearing 2 Generally speaking 4 It being 4 to consider (13) Next week's seminar ought to provide ( 1 ours (2) our 4 last ) wise and hardworking. 3 need 4 needed (12) ( ) had the war begun when terrorists hijacked a plane. 1 The moment 2 No wonder 3 Hardly 4 As soon as /13 ) with a lot of new information. 3 ourselves 4 us made er discr deceived ( 東京電機大 ) Intentio e you go prepare e two g notice (京都産業大) (関西学院大 ) THIOS (千葉工業大) Gs not lil aimless NT 13 (実践女子大) (摂南大) (大阪学院大 ) chance (國學院大) (二松学舎大 SE 否定 not alwa not quit けではな • I not at (センター試験) lot ~ ei •I (城西大 N 全体否定 I する ardly N SOO A

mainstreamⅢ chapter18 章末問題 解答教えてください！

6 Chapter 18 Comprehension a. On the basis of Gurdon's research, Yamanaka revealed that specialized cells from a mature Choose the appropriate answer. body can be transformed into iPS cells. frog. b. Gurdon placed cells from the skin of mice into an unfertilized egg cell of a c. Yamanaka took cells from the blood of mice and transformed them into a baby. d. The only difference between Gurdon's and Yamanaka's experiments was what cells they used. e. Organ rejection will no longer be a problem because it has become possible to develop organs from the patients' own cells. f. iPS cells will soon make it possible to cure all types of diseases. g. Yamanaka admits that iPS technology has done harm in some cases. h. Even as a scientist Professor Yamanaka believed that his mother saw his father's ghost. i. Professor Yamanaka has never thought of giving up research. found iPS ce j. What Professor Yamanaka wanted to say in the speech was what seems unfortunate at first may turn out to be fortunate in the end. not e mes B Choose the most appropriate main theme. a. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the Nobel Prize because they helped each other for 40 years to create iPS cells. Chapter 18 | Minis SO 15 b. We should be careful about new technology because it takes time to put it into use and it can do harm. 24 c. Professor Yamanaka has experienced challenges in his life but they were also opportunities, one of which led to the Nobel Prize.

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Mama's Bank Account (1) I am Katrin. When I was a child, all my family lived in a small house in San Francisco. My family members were Mama, Papa, my elder brother Nels, my younger sisters Christine and Dagmar, and I. We were immigrants from Norway. I remember that every Saturday night Papa brought home a little envelope with his pay in it. Mama would sit down by the kitchen table with a serious look. She was counting it out. There would be several piles of coins on the table. "These are the rent," Mama would say, and set aside a big pile of coins. "For the grocer." She set aside another pile of coins. "For Katrin's shoes," and Mama counted out the coins. "I'll need a notebook this week." Nels said, and Mama put aside a ten-cent coin. At last, Papa would ask, "Is that all?" Mama would nod and say, "That's good. We don't have to go to the bank to withdraw money."

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4 (1) This condition may be good 2. Jenough 1. as (2) I think +/21 certain chemicals to form together. SY 3. for 4. how 5. so /highly unlikely that he'll come in time. 1. about 2. as (3.) it 4. of 5. that Who do you think the good novelists of today ? n

英語の質問です！🥺🥺 波線引いてあるところです！ They could play back at will ってどこにかかってますか？ the accidentについたらおかしいかなって思ってるんですけど 答えの訳では[意のままに再生することのできる、事故について〜]と書... 続きを読む

L By average. Participants were then 20 after the collision. (5) the fact that there was no broken glass, three times as many participants in the "smashed" group as in the "contacted" group reported seeing the nonexistent broken glass. (6) Clearly, the participants in this study had not stored a video-like memory of the accident that they could play back at will.) They had stored a rough impression of 25 the accident and, when asked to recall specifics, filled in details based on information available to them in the present. For example, participants in the "smashed" group reconstructed their memory so that it was consistent with a more violent collision, with the cars going faster and the broken glass that often results from such a collision. -1

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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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31. The earlier versions of the accounting software were considered difficult to this latest version is meeting use, with favorable reactions from users. (A) as though (B) whether (C) whereas (D) despite 32. Malcolm Webb --- - from Hartford Associates last week, after working there for over 30 years. (A) was resigned (B) is resigning (C) has resigned (D) resigned ------- (A) primary (B) primarily BOD (C) primer (D) priming AB A B C D 33. Although ProView software is ------- for word processing, it has excellent photo editing capabilities. ABOO