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signatures in business. However, no one used fingerprints in crime work until the late
In ancient times, people used fingerprints to identify people. They also used them as
1880s. Three men, working in three different areas of the world, made
this possible.
(1)
The first man who collected a large number of fingerprints was William Herschel.
He worked for the British government in India. He took fingerprints when people
(7) official papers. For many years, he collected the same people's fingerprints
several times. He made an important discovery. Fingerprints do not change over time.
At about the same time, a Scottish doctor in Japan began to study fingerprints.
Henry Faulds was looking at ancient Japanese pottery* one day when he noticed small
It occurred to him that the lines were 2,000-year-old fingerprints.
Faulds wondered, "Are fingerprints unique to each person?" He began to take
fingerprints of all his friends, co-workers, and students at his medical school. Each
print was (). He also wondered, "Can you change your fingerprints?”
shaved the fingerprints off his fingers with a razor to find out. Would they grow back
lines on the pots.
(2)
He
the same? They did.
One day, there was a theft in Faulds's medical school. Some alcohol was missing.
Faulds found fingerprints on the bottle. He compared the fingerprints to the ones in
his records, and he found a match. The thief was one of his medical students. By
examining fingerprints, Faulds solved the crime.
Both Herschel and Faulds collected fingerprints, but there was a problem. It was
very difficult to use their collections to identify a specific fingerprint. Francis Galton
in England made it easier. He noticed common patterns in fingerprints. He used these
to help classify fingerprints. These features, called "Galton details," made it easier for
police to search through fingerprint records. The system is still in use today. When
25 police find a fingerprint, they look at the Galton details. Then they search for other
fingerprints with similar features.
(4)
Like Faulds, Galton believed that each person had a unique fingerprint. According
to Galton, the chance of two people with the same fingerprint was 1 in 64 billion. Even
the fingerprints of identical twins are ( ). Fingerprints were the perfect tool to
30 identify criminals.
For mo
than 100 years, no one found two people with the same prints. Then, in
2004, terrorists (I) a crime in Madrid, Spain. Police in Madrid found a fingerprint.
They used computers to search databases of fingerprint records all over the world.
Three fingerprint experts agreed that a man on the West Coast of the United States
was one of the criminals. Police arrested him, but the experts were wrong. The man
was innocent. Another man was (). Amazingly, the two men who were 6,000
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Lesson
日本大学 470 words
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