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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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eve latin ethi 定する =ろう -ld Ce た al homsmo n ) elevator is becoming a reality. Carbon nanotubes discovered scientist made it possible in ( ). Though there ) to solve, the elevator will have many good points. ) than a rocket because it will use ) than a rocket, which might crash ) panels in space. In ). In the ) to space by the elevator. ) of outer ( ►Fill in the blanks. A ( by a ( are still a lot of ( The elevator will be ( ) power. It will be ( or ( ). Also, it will let us addition, it will be our gateway for ( future, everyone might be able to take a ( Active Study 日本の宇宙開発について調べ, 簡単な英語で発表してみよう。 Drills A Change the verbs into the correct form. 1. If it (be) not raining, we could see the full moon. 2. If our school had a science club, I will join ) it. 3. If he were an astronaut, he (can travel) to space. place ( * astronaut [æstronò:t] FI 4. If I (see) a shooting star, I would make a wish. 5. What would you take with you if you (go) to the moon? LESSON B Make the two sentences into one using "..., where ~.” 1. The boy went to the Tanegashima Space Center. He saw a real rocket there. 2. I climbed Mt. Fuji. Many tourists were taking pictures there. 3. Akira entered a university in America. He studied science there. C Change the verbs into the correct form. 1. I (study) hard for the science exam about this time tomorrow. 2. I (travel) in New Zealand to see the stars about this time next week. 3. Don't call Misaki between 8 and 9 o'clock tonight. She practice ) the piano. 4. A: Can we meet tomorrow? B: Sure, but not in the morning. I play ) tennis with my club members then. 51 (-2-¹)- 乗根で

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Every sentence has a mistake. Correct the mistake in each sentence. don't Fernando and Carlos doesn't have a car. Example: 1) Do you live in campus, with family, or with friends? 2) Susan doesn't like go to the library in the morning. 3) What time does class finishes in the afternoon? 4) I like to sing, but I can't a musical instrument. 5) I like to play ski in winter. 6) There aren't some coffee shops near here, I'm afraid. 7) Excuse me. Where's post office, please? 8) I like it here, but there are a lot of noise. 9) Turn left onto Main Street and it's to the left. 10) Hey! Is that your sunglasses over there? 11) How much this coffee, please? 12) I live behind of a large supermarket. Part V- Grammar (16 points) Write ONE word in the space to complete the sentences. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) Go 14) Are 15) How 16) you work in Singapore? do they study there? My cousin My friend Helen "Do they study at university?" "No, they I like. My girlfriend study. He works. her homework in the library. play my guitar in the evening. There aren't How do I Is there a grocery store. aerobics, but she doesn't like yoga. he ski?" "No, he can't." there a good restaurant near the hotel? coffee shops in this street. to the City Hospital? here? ahead. It's next to the Italian coffee shop. shoes over there yours? is this pen? store is expensive. Let's go to another store.

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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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