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化学 高校生

二枚目の(iii)になるのが分かりません

H-C-OH 整理合 || 0 CH-OH H-C-H 酸化 「酸化 O C メタノール 甘酸 G ホルムアルデヒド 問8 思考力・判断力 化合物 A (分子式 C11 H1804) はエステルであり, A の加水分解 によって化合物 B (マレイン酸)とともに化合物CとDが得られる から, A はエステル結合を2個もつと考えられる。 これより D の分子式は, CiH1804 + 2 H2O + C4H4O4 - CH40 = C6H140 AJMERA B C D Bはジカルボン酸, Cはアルコールだから, Dはアルコールと 考えられる。これは, D がCと同様に Na と反応することにも矛 盾しない。 D に I と NaOH水溶液を加えて温めると黄色沈殿を生 成することから,Dはヨードホルム反応に陽性の化合物であるこ とがわかる。したがって、この時点で D (分子式 C6H140) の構造 として考えらえるのは,立体異性体を区別しなければ,以下の (i) 〜 (iv)の4種類である。(*印は不斉炭素原子を表す。) (i) CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 OH (茸) 酸 ギ酸は分子内にホルミル基と同じ構造を もつため、還元性を示す。 H+C+OH ホルミル基 カルボキシ基 (整理 エステル カルボン酸(RCOOH)とアルコール (R'OH) が脱水縮合するとエステル (RCOOR') が生成する。 R-C-OH + R'-OH 0 整理 ヨードホルム反応 R-C-O-R' + H2O H CH3-C-R または CH3-CH-R の構 OH 0 CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3 OH+O OH (iii) CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3 OH 11 CH3 0 造をもつ化合物にI と NaOH水溶液を加え て加熱すると,特有の臭いをもつヨードホ ルム CHI3 の黄色沈殿およびRC-ONa O HO-0 が生じる。 ただし, CH 3 -C-0の構 11 0 をもつ酢酸などはヨードホルム反応しない (iv) CH3 HO CH3-CH-C-CH3 OH CH 3 これらのうち, 濃硫酸を加えて加熱したとき, 分子内で脱水が起 こって得られる複数のアルケンに, シス−トランス異性体の関係に あるアルケン,および不斉炭素原子をもつアルケンがともに存在す るのは (i) のアルコールである。 整理 アルコールの脱水 D-OH 分子間脱水・・・エーテルが生成 2R-OH→R-O-R + H2O 分子内脱水・・・ アルケンが生成 年 -C-C-→-C=C-+H2 H OH

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英語 高校生

教えてほしいです

3 次の英文を読み, 空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを, それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選びなさい。 Cigarette smoking has negative effects not only on the body of the person who smokes but also on the body of someone who regularly breathes in second-hand smoke. Some of the most obvious effects are high blood pressure, sleep disorders, heart failure, and lung cancer. Despite such harmful consequences, ( 10 ). It has been reported that smoking creates feelings of pleasure, reduces tension, and promotes close relationships. Many smokers admit that smoking is a bad habit. ( 11 ), they tend to think that the number of cigarettes that they smoke is below the danger level and thus are not worried about the risk. Some even feel that they do not breathe in the smoke and that a cure for cancer will be found before they become ill with the disease. We have to admit that smoking is a habit which is difficult to break ( 12 ) the nicotine found in tobacco goes into the blood and stimulates the brain, making smokers feel pleasant for several minutes. What is more, the smoker usually feels anxious and wants to have another cigarette. ( 13 ) the policies that now ban smoking in most public areas, the stress that people often experience at work and at home can force them to smoke. ( 10 ) ①some people decide to stop smoking millions of people continue to smoke ( 11 ) the price of cigarettes has risen ①smoking is more harmful than drinking Therefore 2 While ③ Of course 4 However (12) 1 because 2 as a result 3 but SO (13) ①Despite 2 Although (3) But 4 Yet

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英語 高校生

教えてほしいです

2 次の英文を読み, 空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを,それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選びなさい。 (6) When growing tomatoes, we know we should pick them when they're bright red. With carrots, however, ( 6 ) because they grow underground. ①we should pick them when they turn orange (2) it's hard to know when they're ready (3) we should grow them more carefully than tomatoes (4) it's easy to know when they're bright red (7) Although it is quick, easy and convenient to be able to look up information on the internet, it can sometimes be difficult ( 7 ) because there is so much information. to find what you are looking for (2) to improve the convenience of the internet (3) to get more than what you need that people often experie (4) to have good computer literacy (8) Would you be happier if you were richer? Many people believe that they would be. But research conducted over many years suggests that ( 8 ). People in the United States, for example, are, on average, richer than New Zealanders, but they are not happier. poorer people tend to worry about their financial problems 2 pleasure in life usually comes from great wealth (3) the best way to be happy is learning how to save money greater wealth doesn't generally imply greater happiness (9) Many European rivers were once heavily polluted by manufacturing industries. As a result, wild animals dependent on clean water disappeared. However, as stricter environmental standards took effect, rivers such as the Thames of London have become much cleaner. Consequently, ( 9 ). water quality has continued to decline wild animals avoid drinking from the Thames (3) wild animals are making a comeback in many rivers (4) wild animals no longer depend on clean water

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