第2パラグラフめの、和訳で言う、医薬品認可機関のところらへんについて質問です 。ここの英文を見ると as drug approval~ のas って何用法なんでしょうか？

テーマ 専門性★★★ *. 24 ヘルシンキ宣言 英文 ①②つなぎ方 demands that the physician use every means possible to cure the 1 The ultimate ethical standard among the medical profession - but does this apply in a clinical trial, which is patient's illness understood to be experimental, not treatment? In a clinical trial, tension exists at the beginning between gaining knowledge that can be used in the longer term to benefit the public health, and the basic right of the patient to receive treatment. 112 For the scientific profession, the ultimate standard is to produce results that withstand scrutiny. For physicians and researchers, the 'gold 10 standard' in testing new drugs is a placebo-controlled study* in which some of the patients receive no treatment at all. These standards present an ethical dilemma as drug-approval agencies tend to lean toward the need for clear scientific data, which is best gained when a drug is tested against a control, or placebo. Furthermore, it becomes harder to 15 convince patients in First World countries to participate in drug trials when there may be a 30-50% chance of receiving only a sugar pill instead of a helpful medicine. 13 As

２パラグラフ目の和訳の、 可能性が30~50％あるかもしれないというので の、ので、が英文中のどこからきたのかわかりません、、訳していく中で自然とそうなるんですかね？

テーマ 専門性★☆★ 英文レベル★★★☆ 24 ヘルシンキ宣言 英文 ①② つなぎ方 11 The ultimate ethical standard among the medical profession demands that the physician use every means possible to cure the patient's illness-but does this apply in a clinical trial, which is understood to be experimental, not treatment? In a clinical trial, tension 5 exists at the beginning between gaining knowledge that can be used in the longer term to benefit the public health, and the basic right of the patient to receive treatment. 12 For the scientific profession, the últimate standard is to produce results that withstand scrutiny. For physicians and researchers, the 'gold 10 standard' in testing new drugs is a placebo-controlled study* in which some of the patients receive no treatment at all. These standards present an ethical dilemma as drug-approval agencies tend to lean toward the Kneed for clear scientific data, which is best gained when a drug is tested against a control, or placebo. Furthermore, it becomes harder to 15 convince patients in First World countries to participate in drug trials when there may be a 30-50% chance of receiving only a sugar pill instead of a helpful medicine.

英語 写真の赤マーカー部分（1）を日本語訳する問題です。 答えは 「戦争という破壊行為において実に大きな役割を果たし、また平和の回復においても同じくらい大きな役割を果たすべきだと主張されているのは、この形態の科学である」 です。 青で囲った 「,it is clamed... 続きを読む

23 #P 公立 23 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。 ¶ 1 There are two forms or aspects of science. First, science is a body of useful and practical knowledge and a method of obtaining it. (1) It is science of this form which played so large a part in the destruction of war and, it is claimed, should play an equally large part in the *restoration of peace. It can work for good or for evil. If practical science made possible war with poison gas, it was also the

下線部2文目whatから始まる文についてなのですが疑問系なのに倒置の形になっていないように見えます。どのような文構造になっているのか教えて頂きたいです。

(4) When learning like this happens in a chorus or orchestra, the total a葉がよくきく 酒に強い 能力のある effect is even more potent. What other school activity cultivates a strong community spirit, helps us learn languages, increases our mathematical and scientific capacity, and puts us in touch with our musical heritage?

なぜdに入るのが③なんですか？④ではないのですか？

Who was the first scientist? It wasn't Isaac Newton. Today, it is generally acknowledged that Newton never thought of himself as a scientist. He couldn't, for the word didn't exist in was not only a scientist, but the greatest scientist who ever lived, yet (Newton his time. Newton thought of himself as a "philosopher," a word that (a)dates back to the ancient Greek thinkers and that comes from Greek words (b)meaning "lover of wisdom." There are different kinds of wisdom we might love, of course. Some philosophers are concerned chiefly with the wisdom derived from the study of the world about us and the manner of its workings. The world { c ℗ about 2 be 3 can 4 referred 5 to 6 us as "nature," from the Latin word meaning “birth." Nature, in other words, is everything that has been created or that has come into being. Philosophers who deal primarily with nature are, therefore, "natural philosophers." Newton thought of himself as a natural philosopher, and the sort of thing he studied was natural philosophy. Thus, when he wrote the book (d) he carefully described his three laws of motion and his theory of universal gravitation—the greatest scientific book ever written-he called it (in Latin) Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which in English is The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. The Greek word for "natural" is physikos, which in English becomes physical. Natural philosophy might also be spoken of as "physical philosophy, which can be shortened to “physics.” on. Physics As natural philosophy grew and expanded, all kinds of special studies developed. People began to speak of chemistry, of geology, of physiology, and so was whatever was left over, so it didn't suit as a general overall word for natural philosophy. Yet you needed some such short word, for natural philosophy was a seven-syllable mouthful.

この日本語訳あっていますか？

英文解釈 26 Whatever ve may think about mass-production, We can take it as certain that after 150 years of continuous development the system is here to stay, we cannot slow it down, or go back to the old hand methods of production. 私たちが大量生産についてどう思われていようと.. 150年の継続的な発展の後この方式は留まってい て、私たちはそれを遅らせることも、昔ながらの生産方法 に戻ることもできないということは確かである。 メモ (松山東雲短大) Whatever… 何であれ、何でも mass-production…大量生産 certain… 確実 continuous…継続的 the old hand method's… 昔ながらの手法

（4）の thisをある語に置き換えるという問題で模範解答はboiling （their potatoes/them）ですが to boil their potatoesではダメですか？

東京 suggesting a risk linked to, cooking some starchy foods in the microwave, including PANAS cereals and root vegetables. nová nayo si lo era When Betty Schwartz, professor of nutritional sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, saw her students heating jacket potatoes in the microwave on their lunchbreaks, she noticed small crystals inside their potatoes. rob When she analysed them, she found they were high in the chemical acrylamide, which can be a natural by-product of cooking. Schwartz asked her students to boil their potatoes instead, and found that this didn't create acrylamide, which she says forms in higher temperatures in the microwave. all not ber pb This is a concern because animal studies have shown that acrylamide acts as a carcinogen because it interferes with cell's DNA, but evidence in humans is limited. There is some research to suggest that microwaves are more favourable to the growth of acrylamide than other methods of cooking. "At 100°C (212°F), there's enough energy to alter the automatic joints between molecules to produce a molecule with much higher energy, which can react with DNA, which induces mutations," says Schwartz. "When you have many mutations it can produce cancer." Animal studies have shown this to be the case with acrylamides. 英語 9 the microwave. One way around this is to soak the potatoes in water before putting them in db.cl tenia ng berig adi wad 14 nos

Chemistry was a young scientific field in the 1500s,so the locals couldn't have known exactly what they found. They did notice one crucia... 続きを読む

解説の色が濃くなっている同格のところで どうしてeveryのあとoneがくるんですか？ 代名詞の用法を最近やっていてよく分からないので教えて欲しいです

$ grisesqe bildug Li 940 9 Lisage sildu¶»] 1. V 命令文具体例 Imagine standing up (to give a speech (in front of an audience)).2 (While you are speaking), someone [in the room uses a clicker (to count your every every one of your ums and uhs. 3 (Once you finished), this person (loudly) announces how many of these have spoiled your presentation). This is the method [used by the Toastmasters public- stumble and hesitation) your every stumble and hesitation speaking club].5 (As part of the training), one person has the job of counting S the speaker's uhs. The club's measures may be extreme, but they reflect the 1 - V S V folk wisdom that ums and uhs are the mark of a nervous, ig 've

黄色いマーカーのところについて。 asの倒置が起こってると説明が書かれていたのですが、元の文に直すとどうなりますか？

plainly Dreaming is a universal phenomenon, though much of what we dream may be forgotten, and some few persons are able only rarely to remember their dreams on waking. The dream represents mental activity during sleep. For this reason the workings of the unconscious mind can be more p 5 seen here than anywhere else. Ordinarily the thoughts and wishes of the unconscious mind are unknown to us, though it contains the source of creative and instinctive energy. As the oldest part of the concept-forming apparatus, it makes liberal use of such primitive methods of representation as symbolism. In a very general way, the unconscious mind of present-day man may be 10 compared to the conscious mind of the caveman, and dreams often remind us of the picture writing of the caveman, where a relatively few simple pictures used as symbols told a detailed story of events. In addition, it is the function of a dream to express a wish, but since the wishes of the unconscious are often highly instinctive in nature, they would be 15 as disturbing to most modern persons as would the acts of a caveman in present-day society. Therefore, most dreams are disguised enough to conceal their true meaning from the dreamer. This is accomplished through the intervention of the conscience, a much more recently developed function of the brain. In psychoanalysis an effort to get the true meaning of the dream is 20 made by having the dreamer give all his thoughts and feelings about every element of the dream. These are then pieced together by the analyst, who uses his knowledge of the life history of the individual as a reference point. By this means, unconscious thoughts and wishes, as well as long-forgotten experiences, can be revealed so as to give the dreamer a much more complete understand- 25 ing of himself. Passage 35 Psychoanalysis ー語句と構文- 13. on waking = /17. As the oldest part of the concept-forming apparatus, it makes = それは概念を形成するための装置一式の中の一番古い部品と ・・・ 訳) / L.9. may be compared to 〜 = 〜になぞらえるこ 272 - ( CLOSE ときに目く とし 16 1027 性質を るだろ ある。 見た BO 17 わ