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第 1 主 次の葵文を読み、設間に答えよ Urban legends consist of narrative accounts of events、 which are Presented as truth、hut which are in reality completely jalse。 They are usually passed on from storyteller to listener as factual accounts、with seemingly trustworthy sources。 warranted by some reliable、close acquaintanee such as ariend or relauye who eyperienced the event ( | ) or heard of it directly jrom the person or people involved. Sometimes news media are attributed as the source andl this gves additional backup to claims of being factual. The story often ends with an ironie or supernatural vist Most of these features are applicable to rumors as wel の Rumors bear significant similarities in content to urban legends。 In structure、 however, rumors do not look as formalized as legends. An urban legend usually has a well-elaborated plot and circulates in a complete narrative form, while a rumor's plot is generally less developed or even incoherent. The ending ofarumoroften ( 4 ) the ironic or supernatural tyist we generally find in a legend, Another difference between urban legends and rumors is ther 。durabihty Aljthough many minor and unimportant changes are made to urban legends while they are in cireulation, the core elements of plot remain unchanged through ime, and they continue to be told for many years。 Conversely、rumors have shorter lives and generally dissolve after a few weeks' circulation. り For example, in the story of “the vanishing hitchhiker.” a dmver gives aridetoa hitchhikker on a lonely road but subsequently discovers that the hitchhiker js really a ghost There are a lot of yariations among the specific details in the story、Sometines the ghost js met not on a road but at a party or a restaurant、Sometimes the ghost disappears just when the vehicle drives past a gaveyard。 Sometimes the ghost sleaves an itemn such as a book or a coat in the car, which is later identifed as haying belonged o him or her。、Sometimes he driver yisits the house where the ghost asked to be talken。and recognizes the hitchhiker from a family portrait Elements of tbe *disappearing ghost' story can be found in nmrratives dating as far back as 【he late

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Mookzemcmwearょうに の Tem benowr PT my rh moee eround the eunr の @ mr sm S Ar sm jet the eerth Ne am 9 @ wwatoher Diyou buy thie beeyeaterdeyr thet bag ーー PT the day betom (0 ぐ Hesaito wm"Plemse dont make noieer @ Re 5 ーー memke noieer rcienoe [回 のEXを郭んで。 あとの各問いに答えよ。 We dlame history, the glory of the past。 more ofeen under fichion than ud ー iri mumt be afnhated with one or the other。 TFnok that ia hmtory ia lowe rewt somewhere in betveen the two main divisiops of the kinds of books then 革 "mually admitted that history ia cfoser to fction than to ecionee This does not mean that a historimn moAes up his factsr hke a poet or story teler However we might get into trouble iTwe insisted too strongly that a writer of fction pkes up んis facts He creates aworid。 But this new world is no totaly diierent fom our own 一 indeed, had better not be 一 and a poetis an ordinary man。 with grdinary senees by and through which he has enrned. He does not see things that We annot see (he may see better or in a shightly different way)。 Hi charactere use wordml that we use (ofherwise we could not behieve in them) 。 It is only in dreams that human beingm create really strange new worids 一 yet even in the most fantastic dream the events and creatures of the imagination are made up out of elements of everyday experience. They are merely put together in strange new ways 人 good historian does not, of course, make up the past. He considers himself responsibly bound by some concept or oriterion of aceuracy or facts. Nevertheless。it is 3mportant to remember that the historian must alvays make up something. 。He reteither fnd a generel pattern in_ or impoee one on events: or he must LE jp kaors why the pereone jn hia story did the things they did。 He may have as genaral theoryorphiosophyr euch as fhat Provadence les human atiare。and make hishistory 硬 hat Orhe may abjure an such pattern imposed as it were from the outside or

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人 (①"⑥⑮の各バラクラフにおいて、どのディスコューススキルが使われているか、條択肢 AこC の 選び、 記号で符えなさい。(*6) 【 Ai時間順訂 B: 例示・列挙 C: 対比 D: 原因・結果 ) 1 各バラクラフの回 -介 に入る凛として最も適切なものをアーエの中から選び記地で符えなさい Yo see the way they eat and sleep。 イ. Soon many other countries will have new zoos。 too。 ウ- Many animal ive together in these cagesrand2he cagee are not empty. エエ For the first few days, he never moved. 「 k Lete Go to the Zoo 1) "Zooin the United State are changing。 The old zoos had 1ots ofcages| Evenlarge animals were kept mig cages. ORen, the cage had nothing in them except an animaland xhe animal was sad lookine」 The new zoos still have cages。 記wy are very big。 回 IPhey are full of trees, Rowers、 rocksZandiwater. They are ike pieces ofreal country not ike cagesat ah | 2 mn new zoos teach people a Iot about animals) They show people ho the animals realy lve。 erso2hoy the way they have familiewandLhow the mothers take care dfthe babies Aad hey show how many kinds ofanimals form groupyand Jiwe together 志毅 the animals iW the new zoo9 do not| jk sad. Are they really happy? They cannot tell us, ofcourse。 ey look healthier. 3 %。 orkere say that some animals change when they come to the new cageg。 For exampl gorilal named Timmy hived at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo..As a young gorilla, he hived ina smallcageinadark| building. Then he was moved to the Bi Zoo to a large cage outside. He just sat on some rocks. He didnt ike walking on the grass. 占 t soon changed, though。 He started to move around a lot and he did many things he never did back in his old cage. In fact, after only a few months, he became a father

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