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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

ポラリス2の英文なんですが問1の答えが納得いきません 十年以上続いている経済衰退と有りますが、本文に成長のスピードが遅い(遅いが成長している)と書いてあるので理解ができません

問1 According to Reiko Aoki, which statement is true? 「青木玲子によると、以下の文章のうち正しいものはどれか」 正解の選択肢 d. Japan's demographic change is one explanation for its economic decline lasting over 10 years. 「ここ10年以上続いている日本の経済的 衰退の1つの説明として、日本の人口変動がある」

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【IV】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)11点,(B) 6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで、 下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 選択式の設問は記号 (アイウエ･･･) を1つ選んで答えること。 A World Bank report recently released suggests climate change could, force 216 million people across six regions to migrate within their countries in the next 30 years, with ""hotspots" emerging within the next nine years ( 2 ) urgent steps are taken. The "Groundswell Part 2" report examines how climate change is a powerful driver of migration within a nation because of its impact on people's livelihoods through droughts, rising sea levels, crop failures and other climate-related conditions. The original Groundswell climate report was published in 2018 and detailed projections and analysis for three world regions: sub- Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. "Groundswell 2" conducted similar studies on East Asia and the Pacific, North Africa, and eastern Europe and Central Asia. Both studies established different scenarios to explore potential future outcomes and identify internal climate in- and out- migration hotspots in each region that is, the areas from which people are expected to move, and the areas to which they might go. The study suggests that by 2050, sub-Saharan Africa could see as many as 86 million internal climate migrants; East Asia and the Pacific, 49 million; South Asia, 40 million; North Africa, 19 million; Latin America, 17 million; and eastern Europe and Central Asia, 5 million. To slow the factors driving climate migration and avoid these worst-case outcomes, the report recommends a series of steps world leaders can take, including reducing global emissions ( 4 ) the goals established by the Paris 2015 climate agreement, and taking steps to better understand the drivers of internal climate migration, so appropriate policies to address them can be developed. (注)* hotspot: 自然破壊が進み, 危機に瀕している地域 -2/x-84 問 1 Which of the following has the closest meaning to " to talk someone out of doing something ア ウ I to make someone move 2 Put the best one into blank 2. ア unless イ to keep someone from doing something to tell a lie Sune once ウ when O I if 3 Which of the following has the closest meaning to "3 a powerful driver"? ア a good person who drives a truck a tool to fix some furniture I force"? a strong power that causes something to happen a condition which causes climate change 4 Put the best one into blank 4. Pin line with on behalf of in spite of I even though

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【ⅢI】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 (A)14点,(B) 6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は, アイウエオ順に解答すること｡ Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Mo Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really ( 1 ) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. B(A) Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: (2) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex (4) (6) -11-

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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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【IV】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)11点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで、 下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 選択式の設問は記号 (アイウエ･･･) を1つ選んで答えること。 A World Bank report recently released suggests climate change could, force 216 million people across six regions to migrate within their countries in the next 30 years, with ""hotspots" emerging within the next nine years ( 2 ) urgent steps are taken. ) urgent steps are taken.numputė, valab The "Groundswell Part 2" report examines how climate change is a powerful driver of migration within a nation because of its impact on people's livelihoods through droughts, rising sea levels, crop failures and other climate-related conditions. The original Groundswell climate. report was published in 2018 and detailed projections and analysis for three world regions: sub- Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. "Groundswell 2" conducted similar studies on East Asia and the Pacific, North Africa, and eastern Europe and Central Asia. Both studies established different scenarios to explore potential future outcomes and identify internal climate in- and out- migration hotspots in each region that is, the areas from which people are expected to move, and the areas to which they might go. The study suggests that by 2050, sub-Saharan Africa could see as many as 86 million internal climate migrants; East Asia and the Pacific, 49 million; South Asia, 40 million; North Africa, 19 million; Latin America, 17 million; and eastern Europe and Central Asia, 5 million. To slow the factors driving climate migration and avoid these worst-case outcomes, the report recommends a series of steps world leaders can take, including reducing global emissions (4) the goals established by the Paris 2015 climate agreement, and taking steps to better understand the drivers of internal climate migration, so appropriate policies to address them can be developed. (注)* hotspot: 自然破壊が進み, 危機に瀕している地域 -2/ Which of the following has the closest meaning to", force"? to talk someone out of doing something to keep someone from doing something to tell a lie I to make someone move 2 Put the best one into blank 2. 7 unless イ 1 ア イ once when I if ウ 3 Which of the following has the closest meaning to "3 a powerful driver"? ア a good person who drives a truckgran amma di kaill) a tool to fix some furniture I 0811 a strong power that causes something to happen a condition which causes climate change 4 Put the best one into blank 4. Pin line with イ I on behalf of in spite of even though

ELEMENT2 lesson5 の問題です！ 至急今日の朝7時までにお願いします🙇‍♀️🙇‍♀️

5 6 2. We should Comprehension A Reading for main ideas : Choose the best answer. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? @ The future of space travel. b The environmental problems in space. The technology to send a satellite into space. 2 3 B Reading for details : Fill in the blanks with the words in the box below. There are some unnecessary words. Then divide the paragraphs into the following sections. ). The junkyard a stop sending satellites into space b burn all the debris in space O not increase the amount of space debris to change the situation. The largest junkyard in the solar system is around the (1. (2. ) to 20,000 miles overhead. Most space junk (3. ) from manmade satellites and rockets. It would (4. about 11 million pounds in total. Space junk can cause a lot of (5. shuttle window was made by a piece of (6. The scientists work together to keep (7. might hit space shuttles and satellites. The scientists must try to find where the junk is and the (8. going, but it is not simple. Paragraph Organization Introduction ( Body ( Conclusion ( ). For example, a small crack in the space ) of the largest pieces because they Without careful (9. ), the space junk problem will get worse. Also, we should try to (10. ) adding more. World (11. ) is necessary to reduce the risk of space junk. ) ) ) ) the pieces are HAAR MELAY Words stretches / weigh/junk/track / watching cooperation / damage / direction / travels satellites / Earth / trouble / comes / stop

英語の関係詞の単元です。苦手なので教えて頂きたいです🙇‍♀️

42 2) 昨年日本を訪れた観光客数は3000万人近く (nearly thirty million) でした。 The number of tourists 3) あなたの英語力を伸ばす (improve your English) ためにできることがいくつか あります。 There are some things 4)私が新聞で(in the newspaper) 見つけたその記事はとても面白そうです (looks)。 (feel The article 5) 私がルールを知らないスポーツがたくさんあります。 <whose を用いて> There are many sports 6) 私は地震で家が損傷した (be damaged) 人々を手助けしました。 Thelped people Das PT The restaurant The woman primnew iisdolp (uude ler 8) ボブが恋に落ちた (fell in love with) その女性は,先週日本を訪れました。 St This is the ice cream 9) これは私が昨日買ったアイスクリームです。 <関係代名詞を省略して> 2) 具体例 163 be a ai mim2.™M 7) 私がかつて働いていたレストランは、ウェディングパーティーを開くのによい。 7) 具体例 166 場所 (a good place for ~ ) です。 <for which を用いて> 11) 日本は野球が人気のある国です。 <関係副詞を用いて> Japan is a country wan 10) その体育教師は,私たちに運動から得る利益 (the benefits) について話した。 <関係代名詞を省略して> The P.E. teacher told us about 3) 提案 164 4) 意見・主張 164 JAKEX (B exil bloow 1 ) an anobno bos by the earthquake. 5) 165 6) 165 ainebula loorba doin in admin 8) 166 last week. 9) 具体例 169 10) 169 11) 具体例 170

丸のついたandについて質問です。andが結びつけているものは何かという問い対して、前後の二文全部だと思ったのですが、high~valueまででした。どういうことでしょうか？

By Theresa Cooper, Pittsburgh, PA 12 October 2019 2:14 PM Pittsburgh schools are considering switching from traditional paper textbooks to e-books within the next few years. In order to read their e-books, students will be required to buy tablets at reduced prices from the school district. This policy would affect junior and high school students over the age of 12. The head of the Pittsburgh school district, Evan Ng, said, "We're trying to stay up to date with technology. We've also had many complaints about the high cost and low resale value of textbooks over the years, and buying a single low-cost tablet will save families hundreds of dollars within 2 years." He went on to say, "Furthermore, this will help students avoid back problems that can arise from carrying heavy textbooks around in their backpacks all day." (5) Patrick Roth said, "All this technology is starting to get out of hand. Don't students already spend enough time looking at screens? This seems like it could harm their vision." One HT (Clayton Thebe parent suggested, "Even with restrictions, these tablets will be just another distraction for the kids. My kids already have trouble finishing their homework as it is." 43 Comments bnoga (1) B Newest Jeill IT

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1 下の語を用いて, 英文を完成させましょう。 1. Don't ( 2. There ( 3. You ( 4. We ( 5. His kind words ( ) the door open. The air conditioner is on. ) much space in the cabinet. Let's throw some things away. ) disappointed at the score. There's always next time. ) the problems with our teacher and found a solution. ) me happy. He was so kind. discussed / kept / leave / isn't seem / made