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30 LESSON2 動詞の態(2) C参p.147 ~153) p.147) 54)S+V+O+0/S+V+O+C の受動態 S+V+O+0 の受動態 参…119 12. Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents. S V O O →a. Children are given wonderful presents by Santa Claus. b. Wonderful presents are given to children by Santa Claus. 0(人), 0(物)それぞれを主語にした2種類の受動態が考えられる。 a) give 型動詞(give, lend, send, show, tell など:参か.147) で、 0 (物) を主語にした場合,普通は 0 children のように0(人)の前に toをつける.(→ 12 b.) b) buy 型動詞 (buy, make, cook, choose, get など:参か.148) では, 0 (物)のみを主語にし, 0( は主語にしない. またO(物)を主語にしたとき, 必ずO(人)の前に for をつける. >His grandmother made John this cake. S V O → This cake was made for John by his grandmother. 2S+V+O+C の受動態:0を主語にし, Cは(be+過去分詞)の後にそのまま残す。 13. My classmates call the dog Ichiro. 0 C The dog is called Ichiro by my classmates. …120 V $5)注意すべき受動態 p.149) 14. They say that she is the most popular singer the U.S. …121 → a. It is said that she is the most popular singer in the U.S. b. She is said to be the most popular singer in the U.S. (x She is said that ) …122 15. I was spoken to by the girl yesterday. 16. The soccer player is known to many people in the world. 17. We were surprised at the newsflash. 18. Ten people were injured in the accident. …123 …124 …125 They say that の受動態:「.…と言われている, …だそうだ」(→14) 群動詞の受動態:群動詞全体を1語の他動詞とみなす。 15←The girl spoke to me yesterday. 3 by 以外の前置詞を使う場合(→ 16) w wへ ほかに be caught in ~, be covered with [in] ~, be filled with ~ など、 日本語では能動態で表すが英語では受動態を使う表現 a)感情や心理状態を表す (→17):ほかに be disappointed with [at/by] ~, be shocked by [at] ~。 be pleased with ~, be satisfied with~, be worried about ~ など、 b)被害を表す(→ 18): ほかにbe delayed, be hurt, be kiled など、 bfo 受動態で用いる前置詞に要注意。 >His grandfather was killed in [× by] the war. 注意慣用的表現: be dressed in~ (~を着ている), be seated (座る), be born (生まれる), etc. >参p.153,XIYpical Mistakes[8] 文

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英語 高校生

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We are,(to a remarkable degree, the right distance from the right sort of star, one e 5 of ten billion and we wouldn't be here now./ We are also fortunate to orbit where we that is big enough to radiate lots of energy, but not so big as to burn itself out swiftly t 1s a curiosity bf physics that the larger a stor the more rapidly it burns. Had our sun Ocen ten times as massive、it would have evhonsted itself after ten million years instead of do. 1o0 much nearer and evervthing on Farth would have boiled away. Much rarther away and everything would have frozen. の14 m 1978, an astrophysicist named Micheel Hart made some calculations and Concluded that Earth would have been uninhabitable had it been just 1 percent rartner That's not much, and in fact it wasn't enough. percent 10 from or 5.percent closer to the Sun. The figures have since been refined and made a little more generous 5 nearer and I5 percent farther are thought to be more accurate assessments 1oI om zone of habitability - but that is still a narrow belt. To appreciate just how narrow, you have only to look at Venus. Venus 1s only ©10 15 twenty-five million miles closer to the Sun than we are. The Sun's warmth reaches it just two minutes before it touches us. In size and composition, Venus is very like Earth, but the small difference in orbital distance made all the difference to (3)how it turned out. It appears that during the early years of the solar system Venus was only slightly warmer than Earth and probably had oceans. But those few degrees of extra 20 warmth meant that Venus could not hold on to its surface water, with disastrous consequences for its climate. As its water evaporated, the hydrogen atoms escaped into space, and the oxygen atoms combined with carbon to form a dense atmosphere of the greenhouse gas CO2. Venus became stifling. Although people of my age will recall a time when astrononmers hoped that Venus might harbor life beneath its padded 25 clouds, possibly even a kind of tropical vegetation, we now know that it is much too fierce an environment for any kind of life that we can reasonably conceive of. Its surface temperature is a roasting 470 degrees centigrade (roughly 900 degrees Fahrenheit), which is hot enough to melt lead, and the atmospheric pressure at the surface is ninety times that of Earth, or more than any human body could withstand We lack the technology to make suits or even spaceships that would allow us to visit Our knowledge of Venus's surface is based on distant radar imagery and som。 disturbing noise from an unmanned Soviet probe that was dropped hopefully into the

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