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生物 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

至急お願いいたします🚨 生物の質問です。 ミトコンドリアの経路についての説明だと思うのですが、電子オーバーフローモデルと電子分布モデルの違いを教えていただきたいです。 また、どういう仕組みなのか、何故このように電子が流れるのかも教えていただきたいです。 UQ poolはユ... 続きを読む

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Alternative oxidase inactive. Alt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Cyt (B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) UQ pool Cyt Alternative pathway active Cytochrome pathway saturated Alt Alternative oxidase active Alt UQ pool Cyt Cyt Figure 14.33 Two models for regulation of electron flow through the alternative oxidase. (A) In the electron overflow model, no appreciable electron transfer through the alternative pathway takes place until electron flow through the cytochrome pathway is at or near satu- ration. This could result from the effects of respirato- ry control, if the rate of mitochondrial ATP produc- tion exceeds its rate of utilization in the cytosol, or from some externally imposed stress, such as low temperature. Under such circumstances, the UQ pool becomes sufficiently reduced to allow electrons to flow through the alternative oxidase, the latter re- quiring that the UQ pool be 40% to 60% reduced to attain significant activity. (B) In the electron distribu- tion model, the alternative and cytochrome path- ways both show significant activity at low levels of UQ pool reduction, and electrons are distributed be- tween the two pathways on the basis of the relative activities of each pathway. The activity of the alter- native oxidase under these circumstances is thought to be regulated by the action of a-keto acids and by reduction/oxidation of the intermolecular disulfide bond, as well as by additional regulatory mecha- nisms not yet characterized.

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英語 高校生

高3英語表現です。 合っているかの確認と、わからないところ(空白部分)を教えていただきたいです。 間違っているところがあればそこの訂正もお願いします🙇‍♀️

STRESEMO SI In many cases, *cyber-bullying can be even more painful than face-to-face bullying. A lot of cyber-bullying can be done without using a real name, (1)( ) you may not be sure who is targeting you. This can make you feel even more threatened and can encourage bullies, (2)( ) they believe online secrecy means they're less likely to 秘密にすること おどされる いじめをする人 get caught. Since cyber-bullies can't see your reaction, they will often go much further in 〜ので ) they would do face-to-face with you. farate their harassment or ridicule (3)( 冷やかし (Adapted from Dealing with Bullying and Cyber-bullying by HelpGuide.org) (注)*cyber-bullying: コンピュータや携帯電話, ソーシャルネットワークなどを利用したいじめ ameldorg Inanitouha a'cijama Jarít (1) Ⓡ still (2) 1 as (3) 1 so that and pas 2 nevertheless 3 otherwise にもかかわらず さもなければ 5 but 2 though Kithet 2 such that 3 but however 3 than MTU 3 because 4 before when s vous diely you? Hosely odi otai genom gnigned Jaemmourvne yaibanorve adi bas orent page 4 4 unless 2 mnib sa roue olil magitom robom ~ように Sound travels in the same way as water waves (1) 2 still pond. The water is perfectly still (2)( O the stone falls in, waves are sent out in all directions. ) the stone hits the water. But once travels in all directions It is important to realize that sound spreads out (3) from its source. You can, (4)( 6 ), direct some sounds, for example, the human voice by using a megaphone. This makes the voice seem louder, (5)( is pointing the sound in one direction rather than letting it spread out (6) Ⓡ ) in fact it ) it would normally. ~ない限り 4 when 文章問題 Diw ob of saidton syar ns of alushur n (大阪医科大) noun at vide ) a stone is thrown into a (名古屋工業大)

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