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英語 高校生

この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

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英語 高校生

この黄色い付箋を貼っている文で、innocence and wrongful convictionsの部分の和訳が、無実や間違った有罪判決を理由に となっているのですが、 理由に という部分は英文でいうとどこを指しているのでしょうか?

An innocent person who has been executed can never be brought back to life. The probability of error increases with every execution. And, as illustrated by several dramatic pre-execution releases, the risk of fatal error is much greater for poor and minority defendants, the majority of whom lack Madequate legal representation. Since 1977 alone, more than 70 condemned prisoners have been released due to credible claims of innocence. And, of the 500 executions since 1997, innocence and wrongful convictions have required the release of one person for every seven executed. What of those whose 10 m いない貧しい少数民族の被告人の場合にはるかに大きなものになる。 1977年以降だ ているように、致命 が行なわれて っても、70人以上の死刑囚が信頼のおける無罪の主張をしたために釈放されて で、無実や間違った有罪判決であることを理由に釈放が要求されていたのである。 であることが発見されないままの人たちはどうなるのだろうか? 悲劇的なことで はあるが、処刑された少なくとも23人は無実であったことを示唆する有力な証拠が存 る。 そして、 1997年以降の500の死刑執行のうち、処刑された7人に対し1人の のである。 額に対処するのに安上がりな方法

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