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次の英文を読んで、 設問に答えなさい。
R
The more we learn about how the brain functions, the more we come to realize
that the brain is not a logical computer. In his book How the Mind Works, Steven
Pinker (A) human brains with computers, saying
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computers/are serial*, doing one thing at a time; brains are parallel, doing
millions of things at once. Computers are fast; brains are slow. Computer
parts are reliable; brain parts are noisy. Computers have a limited number
of connections; brains have trillions*. Computers are assembled according to
a blueprint*; brains must assemble themselves.
This does not mean that computers are superior to the human brain. No. There
10 are things the human brain can do that computers cannot do. We humans are
comfortable solving "ill-posed problems," while a computer will freeze when faced
with such a problem.
What is an ill-posed problem?" (B), let's use a mathematical example. If
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I were to ask you what the product of 4 x 6 was, you would say it is 24. This is a
15 clearly posed problem. It gives you two numbers and asks you to solve for one
unknown number. You have enough information to solve the problem easily, and
you would be very confident that there was only one right answer. Both you and
a computer could solve this problem equally well. But what if I asked you to
work backwards from 24? What if I asked you to tell me that 24 is the product of
20 what? You could answer that 24 is the product of 4 × 6. That would be correct.

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But it would also be correct to say that 24 is the product of 3 x 8, 2 x 12, 1 x 24, 0.5
x 48, and on and on. There are many accurate answers. This is an example of
an ill-posed problem because you are given only one number and asked to solve
for two unknowns; there is not enough information and there are too many
25 unknowns. Thus you find that there are many possible ( C ) answers, and
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(2)you have no way of determining which of the many possible answers is the best
because you do not have enough information.
(注) serial: 連続的な trillions:
blueprint: SA
(1) 下線部(1)を和訳しなさい。
(2) 下線部(2) を和訳しなさい。
(3) 空欄 (A) (B), (C)に入れるのに最も適した表現を a~d から1つずつ
選びなさい。
(A)
a. analyzes
b. contrasts
c. describes
d. relates
( B )
a. First of all
c. That is
b. In other words
d. To illustrate
( C )
a. alternative
b. enough
c. unknown
d. wrong