ページ3:

P.76 第2章 仮定法(1) 1 ifを使った仮定法
240 直説法と仮定法
(1) If it raing tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
現在
未来
明日雨が降ったら、ピクニックは中止にします。
→現実のことや現実に起こる可能性があること=直説法事
(2) If I had a lot of money, I would buy an island.
たくさんお金があったら、島を買うのになぁ。
→現実とは違うことを表す 仮定法
=
*話し手が「現実か、ちがうか」を
判断する。
↑ウソ(事実と反する)
241 もし~なら…だろうに 【仮定法過去]
((1) If he were ready, we would go.
過
*were を使うことができる。
=現在の事実とは違うことを表す。
(2) If I had enough time and money, I would travel around the world.
現実に起きる可能性のないことを表す。
過
=
※必ず助動詞の過去形がつかわれる。 主に would をつかう。
「……かもしれない」→might
「…できる」
→ could
If+S+動詞の過去形+ would+動詞の原形
could
might
もし方が~ならば、声は~だろうに
できるのに
かもしれないのに

ページ4:

242 もし~だったなら」・・・だっただろうに 【仮定法過去完了]
(1) If I had left ten minutes earlier, I would not have missed the train.
過去完了形
過去完了形
L
裏に、 I didn't leave ten minutes earlier, so I missed the train.
仮定法過去完了の文の形=過去
If+S+動詞の過去完了形, S+ would have + 過去分詞
+
could
might
(2) She would have died if the climber had not found her.
過了完了形
↳ A. She didn't die because the climber found her.
243 【if節と主節で、表す時が異なる場合]
If I had taken the medicine then, I might be fine wow.
仮定法過去完了
あのとき
仮定法過去
① then (あの時)は過去を表す→仮定法過去完了
②主節にはnowがあるので現在→仮定法過去
もしあしたら雨なら体育祭休みなのに
↑ If it rains tomorrow, the athletic festival willbe canceled
条件を表す副い中
=
(中止)
cold off
postpone (延期)
=ont off
もしお金もってたら買えるのに←仮定法
IF I had money with we, I could buy it
(I have
money
いつほひいてみる
with me.)
buy)

ページ5:

【後ろにto不定詞がくるasif]
Her quest suddenly stood up as if teleave.
彼女は、立ち去ろうとするかのようにとつぜん立った。 to不定詞
☆もしあなたが早くおきていたら、彼にあうことができたでしょうに。
If you had got up early in the morning, you could have met him.
eanitor
☆もし昨日のよるはやくねてたら、いえねむくないのに
If I had gone to bed earlier then, I would not be sleepy now.
第25章 仮定法①
どっちでもOK。
I don't have a lot of money, so I won't buy an island.

ページ6:

2 wish as ifの後の仮定法
244 ~なら「だったら]なぁ
L (1) I wish I knew her telephone number.
Wish 実現できそうにない願望
仮定法過去
彼女の電話番号を知っていればなあ。
仮定法過去完了 あんな高いバックをかわなければよかったなあ。
L (2) I wish I hadn't bought such an exponsive bag.
*wishに続くbe動詞はwere
*wishの後はかならず仮定法が使われる。
[wishの後に使われる助動詞]
→(1) I wish I could play the guister as well as you
→~できる
→ (2) I wish my father would give up smoking.
過去形でなくてよい。
→~するつもり/~する予定だ/~してくれる。
245 まるで~である[あった]かのように
asif
≪事実と異なる空想≫
→(He talks as if he were an expert in economics.
過去→現在の事実と異なるから。
過去完了→過去の事実と異なるから。
(2) You looks as if you had seen a ghostl
*asif=
= as through
☆続くのは基本weve
*過去か過去完了かは、Wish参考。
【後ろに直接法がくるasif]
You talk as if you're angry.
怒っているような口ぶりだね。
→ You talk as if you were angry.
まるで怒っているような口ぶりだね。
← You are angry
← You aren't angry
と話し手が思っている。

ページ7:

汁節を使わずに「もし~なら」
①249~がなければ
1
but for / without
(1) But for dreams, life would have ho meaving.
=
If it were not for ~ <今〉
((2) Without your goal, we would have lost the game.
=
=If it had not been for
~
<過去>
*どちらも「~」には名詞的なものがくる。
*動詞が無いので主節の動詞でく時つを判断
②250 ~があれば1~があったら with without
(1) With time, this project would succeed.
→ If we had time,
<今>
(2) With your advice, he would not have failed in business.
→ If he had taken your advice......
<過去>
<時とは↑と同じ。
③ 251 そうでなければ
otherwise
( (1) I know he is innocent; otherwise I wouldn't try to save him.
M = if I didn't know he is innocent ~
逆を表している
(2) We stopped talking; otherwise our teacher would have scolded us.
If we hadn't stopped talking~
==If

ページ8:

P.78 第26章 仮定法(2) 1.未来のことを表す仮定法
246 【未来のことについての仮定] If i were to 不定詞
L. If you were to win the lottery, what would yougo?
If' were to 不定詞
もし~するようなことがあれば
*仮にすればという実の可能性のあるやつもふくむ。
247 [実の可能性がひくい] if s should~
↳ If he should change his mind, he would call me.
*この表現に限り、主節の助動詞が過去形にならない場合がある。
*
=
命令文になるときがある。
2.Ifがでてこない仮定法
248 (1) Were I you, I would ask her foradate.
→ If I were you,..
*Iを省略すると、I節は疑問文を同じ語順になる。
(2) Had we known you were in the hospital, we would have visited you.
→If we had known
(3) Should there be an earthquake, this bookshelf would fall forward.
→If there should be an earthquake...
* were / had / should が文頭にでる場合のみ行われる。

ページ9:

④252 to不定詞
To hear him talk, you would think he know all about the secret.
heard him talk,
= If
you
*分詞構文もかわりになる
(to不定詞)
Living in this country, she would have lived a happy life.
= If she had lived in this country,
⑤253 主語・副語句
((1) A secret agent would never tell you his real name.
スパイだったら
↓
*過去形の助動詞が使われているかに注目
↑
((2) Two years ago, I would have accepted your proposal.
2年前だったら

ページ10:

P.2483 仮定法を使った慣用表現
1254 もし~がなければ if it were not for~/if it had not been for.
If it were not not for music, life would be boring..
If it were not for <現在>
~だろう
11
but for / without
If it had not been for my seat belt, I would have been killed.
if it had inot been for 過去≫
*肯定文は在存しない。
11255 もう~してもよいころだ it's time+仮定法過去
It's time you bought a new bicycle.
→とっくに~する時間だ
It's high time the children went to bed.
→そろそろ~する時間だ
It's about time you apologized to her for what you etiol.
*It's timeの後ろは仮定法過去のみ。後ろに助動詞は使わない。
[to 不定詞 ver.] It's time for you to buy a new bicycle.
256 ~でありさえすればifonly. I only
If only she were here! = I wish she were here!
If only I had taken her advice! I wish I had taken her advice!
*Ifonlyは間接話法では使えない。
○He said." If only she were here.
× He said that if only she were here.
~

ページ11:

P.350 4仮定法を使ったていねいな表限
257 [wouldを使って依頼や許可を求める表限】
(1) It would be nice if you could help me with my language.
依頼
~していただけると助かすのですが。
(2) Would it be all right if I gat here?
許可
~してもよろしいでしょうか?
* would ratherの後に仮定法でよりていねい。
I would rather you didn't smoke in my room.
よりていねい
258 Ⅰ I wonder if~をつかった依頼の表限]
(1) I wonder if you could help me.
I
(2) I was wondering if I could use your phone.
*過去形にすると、丁寧になる。 wanderを過去形にするともっと。
*進行形にすると同じく。 think, hope も同じ。