ページ3:

Sometimes should is used in an if-clause. It indicates a little
more uncertainty than the use of the simple present.
ex) If anyone should call, please take a message.
UNTRUE (contrary to fact) IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
ex) If I taught this class, I wouldn't
(In truth, I don't teach this class.)
give
tests.
* Were is used for both singular and plural subjects.
Was is sometimes used in informal speech:
If I was you.
Would
expresses
I'd accept their invitation,
: desired or predictable results.
ex) If I had enough money, I would buy a car.
(The speaker wants a car but doesn't have enough money.)
Could would be able to ; expresses possible options.
ex) If I had enough money, I could buy a car.
USING MIXED TIME" IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Frequently the time in the if clause and the time in the result clause are
different: one clause may be in the present and the other in the past.
True: I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am
Conditional: If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now
hungry
now.
True: He is not a good student. He didn't study for the test yesterday.
Conditional: If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test yesterd.

ページ4:

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ___
1 to identify ok give additional information
about a person, a place
or
thing
on the physicist { who made that discovery teach at
that
my university.
{whom
The girl that you met yesterday
Tucho
my sister.
(informal)
Was
* relative pronoun can be subject or object of clause
"that is on your left I was formerly
• The building { that
Lushich
a private palace.
2 to show possession
eg. The boy whose shores is blue is
my
som.
• Paris, whose museums hold so many treasures, is
a favorite destination for tourists.

ページ5:

3. to modify
a noun of place.
eg) The tonn { where
they
live
7 has
many
in which (formal)
which
that
they live in (informal)
beautiful parks and squares.
(informal)
4. to modify
a noun of time
eg)
I can't remember the year { when
we
that
-in which
visited them for the first time.
* use whom, not who, directly after a preposition.
Use which, not that, after a preposition.
Adjective clauses with quantifiers
· Some adjective clauses may include a quantifier that refers to
a previously mentioned nowx or new phrase. The clauses
are constructed as follows: quantifier + of + relative pronoun.
· He consulted three doctors, all of whom confirmed
the original diagnosis.
eg)
* Adjective clauses that include quantifiers appear more
often in writen than spoken English."

ページ6:

PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Do not use commas if adjective clause is necessary to
identify the noun it mudifies. *
• Use commas if the adjective clause simply gives additional
information and is not necessary to identify the noun
it modifies. **
* Adjective clause that do not require commas are called
essential or restrictive or identifying.
**
Adjective clauses that require commas are called
nonessential or nonrestrictive or nonidentifying.
When
commas are not used, any pronoun may be used.
When commas are used, the
pronoun
"that"
may
not be used and objective clause can't be
ommited
Comparing image
The children who like soccer
the children, who like soccer
Soccer Soccer Soccer VS
ZB
R Z
ten's
baseball basketball
Soccer Soccer Soccer
Soccer Soccer soccer