ページ1:

分詞構文
分詞構文の作り方
接続詞+主語+動詞
主語+動詞
主節
従属節
①接続詞を消す
↓
②従属節と主節の主語が同じならば、
従属節の主語を消す
同じでないならそのまま
↓
③ 従属節と主節の動詞の時制が同じ
⇒従属節の動詞を~ing形にする。
否定形の場合「Not ~ing」
従属節の動詞が主節の動詞より
過去の時制
⇒従属節の動詞を having+過去分詞にする
否定形の場合「Not having+過去分詞」
Being / having beenは消す(省略する)
①
②
~ing
a) Der & lasted up, sany many bird
↓
③
Looking up.
I saw
many
bird.

ページ2:

ex) Because didn't know her name.
↓ル
The wasn't able to write a
lett
Not knowing her name, he wasn't able to write a letter
&
I
ex) Because & had seen the movie, I didn't want to see it ag
過去分詞
③
↓
過去
Having seen the movie, I didn't want to see it again.
~慣用表現~
frankly peaking 率直に言えば、
generally speaking - fix==
strictly speaking厳密に言えば
talking
of ~
~と言えば
Judging from ~ ~ granted
~仮に~だとしても