問1についてです。 解答の答えは「どのように影響を及ぼしているか」を説明していて、問題の「どのような影響か」に対する答えとして違和感があります。 問題に対する答えは印をつけた部分の方が適していませんか？ 御回答よろしくお願い致します。

Chapter 1 身体・病気と健康 身体・病気と健康 [1] 3 ferocious attacks of zoonoses, animal infections that can be transmitted to humans. Being new to people, the germs often caused far worse symptoms 1 滋賀医科大 than those in their usual hosts. Therefore, any deadly human infection should be suspected of being recently acquired by our species. 1 ☆★ From Man and Microbes: Disease and Plagues in History and Modern Times by Arno Karlen, Tarcher 目標20分 注 savanna: サバンナ yellow fever predator 次の英文を読んで、下の設問に日本語で答えよ。 ("印の語には注がある。) The first big shock to influence human disease patterns was our ancestors' descent from the trees to the ground, about five million years ago. Perhaps this happened when Africa became drier, and savannas" replaced forests. This descent brought changes in our ancestors' diet, lifestyle, and burden of disease. As a species with our feet now firmly on the ground, we tend to think of territory horizontally. However, every environment has significantly different vertical zones. In a forest, certain species of mammals, birds, and insects require the sunlight and food in the leafy treetop layer; others need the shade, moisture, and food on the ground; several intermediate zones may exist between earth and treetops. Moving its usual location only a few meters can radically alter a species' prey, predators, and germs. Today, for example, we often see diseases invade new vertical zones. In Central and South America, mosquitoes infect treetop monkeys with the yellow fever virus. The disease remains isolated in the top forest layer because monkeys and mosquitoes there rarely travel lower. The commercial demand for tropical timber has sent loggers into the forests, and when they cut down a tree, clouds of mosquitoes come to earth with it. The mosquitoes then feed on the warm-blooded animals nearest at hand, the loggers, and transmit the virus. On returning home to cities, the infected workers set off urban epidemics of yellow fever. After our ancestors' descent to the ground exposed them to new diseases, the change in their diet from plant protein to include meat, as they became hunters, brought about another change in disease burden over the next tens or hundreds of thousands of years. In each new ecosystem, travelling hunters met new prey, new vectors (disease carriers), and new parasites*. The result was parasite 344 問1 森林の "vertical zones" は, 種の生態にどのような影響を及ぼしているか。 問2 黄熱病の流行は, どのようにして都市地域に起こったと述べられているか. 簡 潔に説明せよ。 問3 文中で "zoonoses” とは何か説明せよ。 問4 人類の歴史の中で、 病気の伝染の仕方に変化をもたらした最も重要なできごと は何か。

(１)が分からないので教えて欲しいです。

5 10 15 20 25 S1 夏期講習 第3講 宿題読解(全クラス共通) 次の英文を読んで、 設問に答えなさい。 There is an old saying in English: "Laughter is the best medicine." Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, (1)doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence (2a)that laughter really can improve people's health. Tests were done to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found ). It increases that laughter has similar effects to ( 3 blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. beneficial. If laughter exercises the body, it must be Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of ( 4 ) the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to program. be that it helps to produce natural chemicals in the brain (2b)that diminish both stress and pain. There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune system, that is, the system which fights infection. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and *psychiatrists in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by ing them to laugh. They have found that even if feel like laughing, (5)making them ilar to those 文法テキスト宿題 p69 4 問1 下線部(1)をitの内容を明らかにして日本語に訳しなさい。 問2 下線部(2a) (2b)と同じ用法の that を含む文を、次のア~オから それぞれ1つずつ選びなさい。 7. He is the man that lives next door to us. 1. It was such a wonderful movie that I saw it five times. 5. The average price of whisky is higher than that of beer. I. No one told me that he had been ill. *. The fact that she lied made him angry. 問3空所(3)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1 つ選びなさい。 7. mental powers physical exercise 1. vocal exercise I. a good sleep 問4 空所(4)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1 つ選びなさい。 7. increasing . reducing 1. producing I. encouraging 問5 下線部(5)を them および those の内容を明らかにして日本語に 訳しなさい。

不適切なものを選ぶ問題。 この問題の答えが上から順に 2 4 1 3 4 2 2 4 3 2 になるのですが、回答の根拠が知りたいです。全部じゃなくてもいいので力を貸してください（ ; ; ）

3 (1) The Eames Chair, designed by Charles and Ray Eames, has copied and sold worldwide over the decades. 11 2 (2) The cherry tree planted in front of my office was cut down because the construction of a new 2 building. 12 2 (3) Not only did Arthur Conan Doyle created the character Sherlock Holmes, but he also wrote about martial arts and skiing and then popularized them in Britain. 13 3 (4) J. M. W. Turner, who was interested in modern technology, expressed the speed, powerful, and 1 2 3 force of nature in his painting titled Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway. 14 (5) Since I am moving into a new apartment next month, I would like to buy some nice, stylish 1 2 3 furnitures such as a famous brand sofa or table. 15 4 (6) He cannot help crying, especially at the sad scene of the film which the dog, Hachiko, waits for his master at Shibuya Station during the heavy rain. 16 3 (7) The Department of Foreign Studies are temporarily located in the new building opposite the 1 main gate. 17 2 3 4 (8) Hiratsuka Raicho is best remembered for a monthly feminist magazine, Seito, the first 1 2 publication of whose came out in September 1911. 3 18 (9) Canals are artificial waterways, often constructed either to manage floods or to servicing water transport vehicles. 19 3 (10) Some bacteria cause infections, but a large number of others they are harmless as well as 1 2 3 helpful to people. 4 20

fについてです 解説が載っていなかったため質問しています、。 なぜ、③を選ぶことができるのでしょうか？

Long-s doctrin holds that we are protected from fungi not just by layered immune defenses but ( e ) we are mammals*, with core temperatures higher than fungi prefer. The cooler outer surfaces of our bodies are at risk of minor assaults-think of athlete's foot*, yeast infections, ringworm*-but in people with healthy immune systems, invasive* infections have been ( f ). That may have left us overconfident. "We have an enormous (g) spot," says Arturo Casadevall, a physician and molecular microbiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Walk into the street and ask people what are they afraid of, and they'll tell you they're afraid of bacteria, they're afraid of viruses, but they don't fear dying of fungi." Ironically, it is our successes that made us vulnerable*. Fungi exploit damaged immune systems, but before the mid-20th century people with impaired immunity didn't live very long. Since then, medicine has gotten very good at keeping such people (h), even though their immune systems are compromised by illness or cancer treatment or age. It has also developed an array of therapies that deliberately suppress immunity, to keep transplant recipients healthy and treat autoimmune* disorders such as lupus* and rheumatoid arthritis*. ( i ) vast numbers of people are living now who are especially vulnerable to fungi. Not all of our vulnerability is the fault of medicine preserving life so successfully. Other ( j ) actions have opened more doors between the fungal world and our own. We clear land for crops and settlement and perturb* what were stable balances between fungi and their hosts. We carry goods and animals across the world, and fungi hitchhike on them. We drench crops in fungicides* and enhance the resistance of organisms residing nearby. (s) ELSE

誤りの部分を見つける問題なのですが(エ)はwrittenで受動態の形にしなければならないのではないかと思ったのですがこれで良いのですか？教えて頂きたいです。

2. "While the COVID-19 virus can be found year-round in the United States, (Can infection rates are typically high during the fall and winter months than (1) during the other seasons," Education. (13) wrote an assistant secretary at the Department of

黄色でマーカーを引いた部分なのですがカンマが沢山打ってあってどのように文構造を捉えたら良いのかわからないです。教えて頂きたいです。

his ears looked infected. Yes I said, good job, I agree, not dangerously 食おし dehydrated, I agree, ear infection. And let's remind the mother to

合ってるか確認お願いします🙇‍♀️

[1] Hello, everyone. Today, I want to ( you had ( C ) sleep last night? Let's say, more than seven hours? Today's (d ) is going to (e effects of lack of sleep. 1. among 6. introduction A a 2. depend 7. many b a a ) a common problem ( b ) university students, lack of sleep. How many of ) on the causes and 2 5 [2] Finishing your assignments, preparing for exams, partying, or checking your smartphone these are the common (a ) why students stay up late. I understand that these are important ( b ) of university life. But today, I want to (c ) you that sleep actually ( d ). We need enough sleep because sleep deprivation can ( e ) seriously negative impacts on our health. 1. ask 2. become 7. parts 6. matters b 3. discuss 8. presentation 4 C 3. cause 8. questions C 4. enough 9. talk 4 C 4. convince 9. reasons 5. focus 10. to d 8 d [3] First, lack of sleep (a ) affects your physical health. Research has shown that sleep deprivation can impact the immune ( b ). Consequently, to fight infections becomes more difficult, and we become more likely to get sick after being exposed to a ( C ). Moreover, if you regularly follow a poor sleeping schedule, your risk of developing serious (d) conditions increases ( e ), such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. 1. medical 2. negatively 3. significantly 4. system b d 5. just 10. situations e 5. virus e 3 e 3

英語の選択問題を解いてみたのですが、自信が無いのでどなたか教えてくださると嬉しいです。 特に[1]と[2]が分かりません。

[1] Hello, everyone. Today, I want to ( you had ( C ) sleep last night? Let's say, more than seven hours? Today's (d ) is going to (e effects of lack of sleep. 1. among 6. introduction A a 2. depend 7. many b a 2 a ) a common problem ( b ) university students, lack of sleep. How many of ) on the causes and 5 [2] Finishing your assignments, preparing for exams, partying, or checking your smartphone these are the common (a ) why students stay up late. I understand that these are important ( b ) of university life. But today, I want to (c ) you that sleep actually ( d ). We need enough sleep because sleep deprivation can (e ) seriously negative impacts on our health. 1. ask 6. matters 2. become 7. parts b 3. discuss 8. presentation 4 C 3. cause 8. questions C 4. enough 9. talk 4 C 4. convince 9. reasons 5. focus 10. to d 8 d [3] First, lack of sleep (a ) affects your physical health. Research has shown that sleep deprivation can impact the immune ( b ). Consequently, to fight infections becomes more difficult, and we become more likely to get sick after being exposed to a ( C ). Moreover, if you regularly follow a poor sleeping schedule, your risk of developing serious (d) conditions increases ( e ), such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. 1. medical 2. negatively 3. significantly 4. system b d 5. just 10. situations. 4 e 5. virus e 3 e 3

4行目のthe moreの部分がsvがなくて文になっていないのですがこのような形はあり得るのでしょうか？

1885 4881 1880 1888 1801 1800 T Superbugs 1882 A British government study has shown that infections caused by $ drug-resistant bacteria-those that cannot be controlled by antibiotics-kill about 700,000 people worldwide annually. By 2050, this number could rise to over 10 million. "It's just a fact of evolution-the more antibiotics that are around, the more bacteria has been exposed to antibiotics, the more opportunity they have to acquire these resistances," explains Sarah Fortune, a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Although these drug-resistant bacteria, known as "superbugs," are found around the world, India is considered to have the biggest problem because the factors that encourage superbugs are extensive and widespread in that country. TOOS

1に入るのはleast ですか？

[2] Superbugs are *1strains of bacteria that are resistant to several types of antibiotics. Each year these drug-resistant bacteria infect more than two million people nationwide and kill at 23,000, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 [3] Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for people. Antibiotics are effective against bacterial infections, such as *2strep throat, some types of *3pneumonia, eye infections, and