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MAINSTREAM English Communication II Chapter 9 Fruitless Fall Part1 Pollination is one of America's biggest, yet least known, industries. With competition ~があるのでとの 最も知られていない from Asian honey suppliers, more and more American beekeepers are taking on 養蜂家 仕事で引き受ける (with) ますます多くの 競争 pollination work to maintain their livelihood. Every pollination season, beekeepers 維持する load their hives into the back of trucks and set out for pollination grounds, where they 出発する受粉用地 have been contracted to fertilize crops. 契約する 受精させる In 2006, beekeepers worldwide began to notice a surprising and troubling やっかい phenomenon: bees released for pollination were not returning to their hives. The result was a 30-90% loss in colonies for many beekeepers. Researchers estimate that this is 見積もる to about one third of the colonies in the U.S. Dave Hackenburg, a beekeeper from Pennsylvania, was the first to officially report ペンシルバニア the mysterious loss of his bees. After releasing them in pollination grounds in Florida, Hackenburg returned a few months later to find that 400 of his bee colonies had 結果 主部 disappeared, leaving the queen and her young behind. More curious still was the fact 現在分詞 比較&VS主語 強調 that there were n dead bees to be found.] 分詞構文(付帯状況) 同格 EJ ~という 子去りにして C Since 2006, Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) has spread to 24 states, making it the 蜂群崩壊症候群 - and more. 分詞構文 most threatening and profound issue for beekeepers and farmers nationwide. In 2007 脅威的 重大な Congress recognized CCD as a serious threat, granting emergency funds to th 深刻な脅威 and granted Department of Agriculture to research the cause of the epidemic. As yet, th Department has failed to provide answers. 与えられていない 今のところ
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MAINSTREAM English Communication II Part2 On average, beekeepers and their bees travel about 60,000 miles per year. The long 平均して てにつき hours of traveling, the constant change of scenery, overwork, and poor diet are all 絶え間ない stressors to the bees, weakening their immune systems. Yet beekeepers need to しかし ~する必要がある compete with other suppliers, so they are willing to rent out their bees in every place ~と競争する 喜んで~する 貸し出す they can to keep their income steady. That precious income is now threatened, however, 安定した 高価な by the advent of CCD. 出現 As honeybees feed, pollen collects on the tiny hairs covering their bodies. When the 蜜を吸う bee moves on to the next flower, the pollen is spread and the plant is fertilized so that その結果 it can reproduce. This makes them an extremely integral part of our ecosystem; honey bees 不可欠な 生態系 without them, many plants could not be fertilized or bear fruit. 受粉できないだろう Most people only associate bees with honey and flower production, never realizing 連想する蜂から ・蜂蜜や花の生産 決して気づかない 10億 their high agricultural value. A Cornell University study estimates that, altogether, 農業の 見積もる (総計 honeybees pollinate more than $14 billion worth of U.S. crops and seeds annually. ~以上 種 毎年 Every day, people consume fruits, vegetables, and nuts without giving a thought to the 消費する ~に考えが及ぶ 蜂に考えが及ばないで bees that have made it possible. V. People consume fruits,~ If CCD continues to spread, important vegetables, such as broccoli, may become ~続ける ~のような scarce, available only to people who are able to afford their high price. Without enough 二足した can ~に対する原裕がある Dees, it is possible that the food supply would become nearly depleted and most of the 激減する world population would go hungry. 空腹になる。
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MAINSTREAM English Communication II Part 3 Bees will return to their hives periodically in order to store the nectar they have 周期的に 習慣・習性 しするために for the purpose collected. If the plants they are carrying pollen from have been sprayed with a harmful pesticide, the hive will be put at risk and possibly die out from poisoning. Pesticides 危険にさらす ひょっとしたら絶減する were just one early suspect in the CCD mystery. 容疑者 New pesticides, called “neonicotinoids,” are derived from tobacco and have become AからBを引き出す ・逆止する popular among farmers for their ability to deter unwanted insects. One effect of these chemicals is that they alter the memory of insects that feed on them, causing them to 常食とする insects in spite be disoriented, and in the case of bees, to forget the path back to their hives. Despite わけが分からなくさせる にもかかわらず the fact that this symptom seems to point to CCD, researchers have not detected 同格~という ~のように思われる~を指し示す elevated levels of this pesticide in hives affected by this disorder. CCD Typically, if a hive is abandoned for some reason, bees from other colonies will move 主として 見捨てる into the empty hive and steal the honey left behind. Hives affected by CCD, however, 影響する remain abandoned almost as if the other bees know there is something wrong. This led to the suspicion that infection by a parasite or some unknown germ was the ~に通じる・結びつく。疑い。 感染 寄生虫 細菌 culprit responsible for the disappearance of so many honeybees. CCD-affected bees are ~に対しての責任がある。 ~の原因である found to have about 14 different viruses attacking their bodies. Scientists also found that the health of the captive bees was weakened further by numerous parasites. However, this alone cannot completely explain the strange disappearance and lack of 完全に~というわけではない 消滅 不足 dead bees near the hive. 部分否定 per n
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MAINSTREAM English Communication II Part 4 >he matter what ~を止める Whatever the true cause behind CCD, steps must be taken to halt this disturbing 不穏な ~が何であろうと何で trend. If the bee colonies are allowed to die out, the world will be deprived of most of its 奪う Qがあるのを許 傾向 生産量 おく current agricultural production. It is clear that the bees have been enslaved to meet 満た 形式主語 our increasing need for crops as the world population continues to skyrocket. Because 急上昇する ~するにつれて of this increase in demand, it has become necessary to overwork bees to the point of. ~するぎりぎり 形式主語 exhaustion and illness. Although it may not immediately solve the problem of CCD, it すぐに is imperative to improve the health of bees. 避げられない えによる The only beekeepers who have not reported losses due to CCD are those who practice ~する人々 実践する organic farming. Organic beekeepers claim that this is because they do not feed their 主張する。これは~だからである さらす bees artificial food, such as corn syrup or antibiotics. Bees raised in this environment 抗生物質 are also not exposed to the stress of being pulled around the nation. Colony Collapse Disorder is a serious threat to the bee population and to our global food supply. If this trend continues, not only will the ecosystem be deprived of many important plant species, but our entire world food supply will be in danger. Better 危ない beekeeping methods, such as organic farming, exposing the bees to less stress from 有機農業 旅から受けるストレスにほとんどこらさないこ travel, and limiting pesticide use, can halt CCD and promote the recovery of the 殺蛸の使用を制限すること honeybee.
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MAINSTREAM English Communication II Part 4 >he matter what ~を止める Whatever the true cause behind CCD, steps must be taken to halt this disturbing 不穏な ~が何であろうと何で trend. If the bee colonies are allowed to die out, the world will be deprived of most of its 奪う Qがあるのを許 傾向 生産量 おく current agricultural production. It is clear that the bees have been enslaved to meet 満た 形式主語 our increasing need for crops as the world population continues to skyrocket. Because 急上昇する ~するにつれて of this increase in demand, it has become necessary to overwork bees to the point of. ~するぎりぎり 形式主語 exhaustion and illness. Although it may not immediately solve the problem of CCD, it すぐに is imperative to improve the health of bees. 避げられない えによる The only beekeepers who have not reported losses due to CCD are those who practice ~する人々 実践する organic farming. Organic beekeepers claim that this is because they do not feed their 主張する。これは~だからである さらす bees artificial food, such as corn syrup or antibiotics. Bees raised in this environment 抗生物質 are also not exposed to the stress of being pulled around the nation. Colony Collapse Disorder is a serious threat to the bee population and to our global food supply. If this trend continues, not only will the ecosystem be deprived of many important plant species, but our entire world food supply will be in danger. Better 危ない beekeeping methods, such as organic farming, exposing the bees to less stress from 有機農業 旅から受けるストレスにほとんどこらさないこ travel, and limiting pesticide use, can halt CCD and promote the recovery of the 殺蛸の使用を制限すること honeybee.
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