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求救！ 流行音樂往往以誇張與浪漫的語言打動人心，某首歌曲中出現的歌詞：「熱愛105度的你，滴滴清純的蒸餾水！」，雖引起共鳴，卻也讓化學老師們眉頭一皺——這句話在科學上說得通嗎？ 首先談溫度問題。在標準大氣壓（1 atm）下，純水的沸點為 100°C。若想讓水以液態存在於 105°C，外在壓力必須高於常壓。這與水的蒸氣壓有關：當外界壓力等於水的蒸氣壓時，水開始沸騰。提高外壓會導致沸點上升，這是壓力鍋能加快煮食速度的原理。以克拉珀龍方程式可粗略估算出水在 105°C 時的蒸氣壓約為 1.036 atm。也就是說，若在封閉容器中加壓加熱，水確實可以在 105°C 下仍為液態。 再談「蒸餾水」與「清純」的誤會。蒸餾水是指經過加熱蒸發再冷凝的水，已去除大部分溶解鹽類與微粒雜質，導電度低，應用於實驗室與某些醫療用途。然而，蒸餾水並非完全純淨，仍可能殘留微量溶解氣體與揮發性有機物。如果要進一步提純，需使用離子交換、反滲透、紫外殺菌等程序製得的超純水（Ultrapure Water）。超純水的電導率可低至 0.05 μS/cm 以下，遠低於蒸餾水的 5–10 μS/cm。 值得一提的是，水的「過熱現象」也值得關注。在沒有氣泡形成核心（如光滑容器、無雜質情況下），水在超過 100°C 時仍不沸騰，此時雖看似穩定，但一旦受到擾動，將瞬間產生劇烈沸騰，甚至造成危險。這解釋了為何微波加熱水時不建議使用過度光滑的杯具。 總之，「105度的蒸餾水」並非科學謬誤，而是需特定壓力與設備才能存在的現象。至於「滴滴清純」這種說法，若從化學純度標準來看，可能還需讓位給真正的超純水。音樂可以浪漫，但科學必須嚴謹。 1. 根據本文，若想讓蒸餾水在105°C下仍為液態，最合理的方式為何？ A. 將蒸餾水放入開放鍋中大火加熱 B. 使用微波爐加熱並持續攪拌 C. 將蒸餾水置於高於常壓的密閉容器中加熱 D. 將蒸餾水置於低壓環境中減壓加熱 2. 關於蒸餾水與超純水的比較，下列何者正確？ A. 蒸餾水導電度比超純水低，因為蒸餾過程已除去所有離子 B. 超純水需以多重程序去除殘餘雜質與微粒 C. 蒸餾水完全不含揮發性有機物，適合製藥用途 D. 超純水通常在家用開飲機中取得即可 3. 根據文中描述，關於過熱水的敘述何者錯誤？ A. 水可能在高於沸點的溫度下仍保持液態 B. 若水中無氣泡形成點，水可能不立即沸騰 C. 過熱水受擾動後會突然爆沸 D. 過熱水現象常見於開放鍋爐加熱過程中 4. 請比較105度的蒸餾水、105度的冷凝水和105度的超純水的差異。
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