[英語]文法！No2-時制の一致と話法-

話法

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cherrybom

2018.08.24 公開

高校英語英文法文法時制時制の一致 grammar english イングリッシュ

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ページ1:

Lpoint
(主)
•
(従属節)
現在、株
現在完了
制限受けない
ex) ジョンは懸命に勉強していると言う
( John says he studies havd.)
->>
ジョンは懸命に勉強していると言うだろう。
John will say that he studies hard.
→
ジョンは懸命に勉強していると言った。
•
(主)
過去完了
John has said that he studies hand.
(従属節)
過去のときと同様に考える。
ex) 彼は病気だ
彼は病気だったと聞いています。
(I hear he is ill. ) ( I hear he was ill. )
→
彼は、病気だとかねがね聞いていました。
I had heard
he was ill.
彼は、病気だったとかねがね聞いていました。
I had heard
he had been ill.
時の関係が明らかな場合
従属節は過去完了→過去
ex) 今朝ジルに電話した、とメグは言った。
→>>
Meg said that she called Jill this morning
過去形にすべき助動詞
過去形でなくても良い助動詞
will→ would may might
may→
mast
used to
could
shall should
need
would
might
ought to
should
had better
→
can could
ex) ケイトは成功するだろうとリッキーは言う
Ricky says that Kate will succeed.
ケイドは成功するだろうとリッキーは言った。
Ricky said that Kate would succeed.
あの男性は医師かもしれないと思う
I think that man may be a doctor.
あの男性は医師かもしれないと思った。
I thought that man might be a doctor.

ページ2:

彼は行かなければならない/行く必要がない/行くべきだと彼女は言う
"
9
と彼女は言った。
She
Says
that he must go / needn't go / should go
She said that he must
go/ needust
go/should go.
一時制の一致の例外
◎真理・ことわざ
油が水に浮くことは知っていました。
I know oil floats on water.
「時は金なり」と父はいつも言っていた。
My father always said time is money.
現在でも通用する内容でも
時制の一致が適用される
場合もある
They knew the earth
goes/went around the
Sun.
Marie said that she is /was
from Paris
⑥習慣・習性・現在も変わらず行われている習慣や習性は現在形のまま
毎晩11時に床につくとジェーンは私に言った。
Jane told me that she goes to bed at eleven every night.
たいていの鳥は夜は目が見えないということを彼女は知っていた。
She knew that most birds can't see at night.
⑤ 歴史上の事実・過去形のまま
第2次世界大戦は1945年に終わったと私たちは習った。
We learned that WWⅡ came to an end in 1445.
先生は、シェイクスピアは1564年に生まれたと教えてくださった。
Our teacher told us that shakes peare was born in 1564.
ⓓ仮定法過去、仮定法過去完了: 時制の一致行わない
エマはなんでも知っているかのような口をきく/きいた。
Emma talks / talked as if she knew everything.
兄は、もしくじに当たったら、車を買うのにと言った
My brother said he would buy a car if he won the lottery.
He said that he was free
直接話法と間接話法
He said, "I'm free "
"I'm free " he said
This morning, he said,
・間接話法
"Il free
Bob said to we,
Bob told me that he would
I will give you my cap."
give
me his cap.
KOKUYO LOOSE-LEAF
ノ-8368 6mm ruled
(1

ページ3:

Yuki said, "
I arrived here yesterday
Yuki said that she had arrived there the day befove.
Ryo said,
I read this book long ago."
Ryo said that he had read that book long before.
直接話法
this, these
There
how
today
tonight.
Tomorrow
Yesterday
next
Tast~
間接話法
that these, the
there
then
that day
that night
(the next day,
the following day
the day before
the previous day
the hert
the following
the previous
練習
~ago
The
before
~before
Yesterday Tom said, " I will be here again tomorrow morning."
Yesterday Tom said that he would be there again this morning.
Bob said to me, "I will leave here tonight."
Bob told me that he would leave there that night.
Lucy said to me, "I bought this PC a few days ago."
Lucy told me that she bought that pc a few days before.
被伝達部が疑問文の場合:
ex-) John said to me
S'+V]の順にする。
"Who is she?
→ John asked me who she
",
was
She said to me,
"What do
want?"
You
Ken said to me,
"Where are you going
She asked me what I wanted
Who won first prize?"
Ken asked me who had won first prize.
now
She asked, where he was going then
Ray?" she asked.
Ray

ページ4:

•
疑問詞を含まない疑問文・接続詞ifがwhether〕+s'ev
"Do you like fish?"
He said to me,
→>
He asked me if (whether) I liked fish.
I said to him,
〃
I asked him if (whether) the traffic had been heavy.
Meg said to me
Was the traffic heavy?
attend the
party?
"Did
You
"
Meg asked me if (whether) I had attended the party.
"Can I use your phone?" she said to me.
She asked me if (whether) she could use my phone.
Bob said we
My brother has a lot of foreign coins"
Bob tdd me that his brother had a lot of foreign caus.
Bob said to me,
I saw your mother yesterday
"
〃
Bob told me he had seen my mother the day before
"What are you looking at ?"
Bob said to me
1
Bob asked me what I was looking at.
Bob said to me," Did you wash
Bob asked me whether I had w
被伝達部が命令文の場合
"
hands?
washed
tell, ask, beg
my
hands.
+
to~
order, command
hot to ~
request, advise, warn
I said to him, "Please call me back."
I asked him to call me back.
«
Don't sit up late."
The doctor advised (fold) me not to sit up late .
The doctor said to me
Bob said to me,
「
Why don't you stop watching TV?"
Bob advised me to stop watching TV
Lisa said to me, "Shall we go out for a walk?"
Lisa invited me to go out for a walk.
然形
の未然
然形
R
BRU
The waiter said to me,
""
Would
you
Cup
like another
of coffee
cup
of coffee?"
"
The waiter offered me another
Bob said to me, "Let's try again"
Bob suggested to me that we (should) try again.
She said, "May God help my son."
She prayed that God might help her sou.
Mary said, "How lucky I an !"
Mary exclaimed how lucky she was.
Mary Said (cried) with joy that she was very lucky.
KOKUYO LOOSE-LEAF /-836B 6 mm ruled X36 lines

ページ5:

May said "Get up at
Six Tomorrow.
May told me to get up at six next day.
May said
"Please turn davu the television "
May asked me to turn down the television.
May said "Don't put your bag here."
May told me not to put my bag there
May said "Let's go cycling.
May proposed me that we (should) go cycling.
May said
good singer Tom is!
"What a
"May said (exclaimed, cried) what a good singer Tom was.
2つ以上の節がある場合:aud, but の接続詞の後にもう一度thatを置く
"I like Karen, but she doesn't like me."
ex-) Jim Said,
Jim said that he liked Karen but that she didn't like him
I went to a donce and had a
Laura Said to
い
me
T
good time."
Laura told me (that) she had gone to a dance and (that she)
had had a good time.
2つの節の主語が同じ
場合、that と主語を省いてもよい。
•
節を含む:時制の一致適用
ex) Ann said,
"
I don't believe what he says.'
"
Aun said that she didn't believe what he said.
Tom said to me,
Is this the sweater
you knitted?"
Tom asked me if that was the sweater I (had) knitted.
"Be sure to lock the door when you go out; she said to me.
She told me to be sure to lock the door when I went out.
The teacher said to me, "If you study hard,
pass the exam.
省略不可
,
you will
The teacher told me that if I studied harder,
I would
pass
the exam
カンマ打っては
1117781\
(thatで導か
れる文)

ページ6:

被伝達部が2種以上の父から成る.
@<平叙文+疑><疑+>
He said to me, "I was absent from the meeting. Did you attend it?"
meeting and
")
He told me (that) he had been absent from the
asked me if (whether) I had attended it.
Ann said, "Are you ready, Jack? The car is waiting.
Ann asked Jack if he was
ready and told him that the
car was waiting.
⑥<平+命><命>
To
Bill said to me, "I don't feel well. Please bring me some water.”
Bill told me (that) he didn't feel well and asked me
bring him some water.
She said to us, "Be quiet. Tom is studying.
・特殊な話法
@
(1)
なし
She told Cordered,
"
us to be quiet because Tom was studying.
I wondered, should I pay for this?
値
I wondered "Should I pay for this?"
[A] I wondered if I should
Where did I
「
get
pay
for that.
the book?
You
will ask.
you will ask.
"Where did you get the book ?"
⑥ 自由間接話法
You will ask where I got the book.
He was lying on the bed, thinking of Aan.
Why she had refused? Did she hate him?
直
A
He wondered, "Why did she refuse? Does she hate me?"
He wondered why she had refuse and if she hated him.
When Bill got home, there was a note from his mother.
fire. There was ice cream
in the fridge.
She'd be back
F
It said,
(A)
It said that she'd
"I'll be back by five. There's ice cream in the fridge
and that there was..