ページ3:

Date
restore
(B) Attention restoration theory looks at the two main types of attention that
を取り戻す
humans employ: directed and undirected attention. Directed attention requires)
use
us to focus on a specific task and block any distractions that may interfere
じゃま
5
2
with it. For instance, when we are working on a math problem, or engrossed
D₂
in reading a literary passage or in assembling or repairing an intricate
mechanical object, Qur brains are totally dedicated to the task at hand,
requiring our direct undivided attention. After we complete the task we often
feel mentally fatigued or drained. Conversely, when we are outdoors, we may
enjoy observing patterns or a sunset, clouds, flowers, leaves or a beautiful
meadow, which call on our undirected attention.
~をじゃまする。干渉する
require 人 to V
内にすることを要求する
wark on ~
interfere with ~
I be engrossed in ~
~に取り組む
~に熱中する
一定方向に注意を向けるには、特定の作業に集中し、その集中の妨げに
なるかもしれないあらゆる物を遮断する必要がある。例えば、数学の問題を
解いていたり、文学の一節を読むことや、複雑な機械製品の組み立てや修
理に没頭しているとき、私たちの脳は全面的に目の前の作業に向けられ、
脇目もふらぬ集中力を必要とする。
-和訳問題」は文構造のパズル
①一文の文構造をとらせる
②文脈の把握も求められる
③論理構成が重要となるときもある
④語費はレベルが高いものが混じる→多角的に見る

ページ4:

No.
Date
章の構成
般論
(that)
(₤3k
(主張
☆tend to: しがちだ。~する傾向がある
N
逆に、過去形はただの事実であることが多い
・現在形抽象的
11
teraz That's technology not science."
重要!
and that). 同じような文構造がある。
前を見る
~That's. A, not B~
主張
(基本形) not A but 主張 A not. B
AでなくB
BでなくA
2
ex) the future starts today not tomorrow.
型で押さえる因果関係
Cascribe to
Gattribute to
原
共通の意味
Qwe
結 to 原
結果は原因による
credit]
to B
動詞Q+TV.I 使役…〇がヒト 要注意の用法
が無生物
因果関係
(A)
原因/allow 無 toV
1日
にな
Cause
enable
encourage.
Whelp
KOKUYO LOOSE LEAF
V-SB36BT 6mm ruledxa Hines

ページ5:

④長文中のコロン
①情報の具体化
②引用
⇒国立の
次の説明問題で、解答根拠になる。
⑤ be around:存在している
所有格名詞=S'V'
+
→SAVすること。

ページ6:

大阪大学全学部 2020年度 英語1 第2問
●のあとの名詞
→同格
sit doing
すわってしてる
Ⅱ 次の英文を読んで,以下の設問に答えなさい。
キーワード
傾向
□ Science and technology: we tend to think of them as siblings, perhaps even
as twins, as parts of STEM (for “science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics"). When it comes to the shiniest wonders of the modern
world-as
the
例示
supercomputers
with
ふしぎ
in
our
pockets
communicate
For much of
satellites science and technology are indeed hand in glove.
事実 (i)
human history, though technology had nothing to do with science. Many of our
過去形
ただんなだけである
(一般論)
Science, technology
似てる
(事実)
most significant inventions are pure tools, with no scientific method behind them. 関係なかった
科学的方法
Wheels and wells, cranks and mills and gears and ships' masts, clocks and
rudders and crop rotation: all have been crucial to human and economic
重大な
development, and none historically had any connection with what we think of
過去
today as science. Some of the most important things we use every day were
invented long before the adoption of the scientific method. I love my laptop and
my iPhone and my Echo and my GPS, but the piece of technology I would be
~したくない
(a)
most reluctant to give up the one that changed my life from the first day I used
言い換え
and that I'm still reliant on every waking hour am reliant on right now, as I
sit typing
dates from the thirteenth century: my glasses. Soap prevented more
V~まで盛る。
具体化
deaths than penicillin. That's technology, not science, applausc: 拍手かっさい
In Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States, James C. Scott, a
般的な説
professor of political science at Yale, presents a plausible contender for the most
まともな ~と主張する(
ついての
important piece of technology in the history of man. It is a technology so old
that it predates Homo sapiens and instead should be credited to our ancestor
先立つ
fire
(ii)
この人らに
るもの
ways.
The first and the most obvious of these is cooking.
Homo erectus. That technology is fire. We have used it in two crucial, defining
(As Richard
Wrangham has argued in his book Catching Fire, our ability to cook allows us to
抽出する
_extract more energy from the food we eat, and also to eat a far wider range of
同格
foods. Our closest animal relative the chimpanzee, has a colon three times as
腸
large as ours, because its diet of raw food is so much harder to digest. The
(b)
S.Uをつかむ.

ページ7:

extra caloric value we get from cooked food allowed us to develop our big brains,
に対して
・未満
which absorb roughly a fifth of the energy we consume, as opposed to less than
対比
a tenth for most mammals' brains. That difference is what has made us the
S V
dominant species on the planet.
配的
D
The other reason fire was central to our history is less obvious to
contemporary eyes: we used it to adapt the landscape around us to our purposes.
現代の人の目
~に通させる
Hunter-gatherers would set fires (as they moved) to clear terrain and make it
うつすんだときた
地形
ready for fast-growing, prey-attracting new plants. They would also drives
早くもだって えもれるよびさせる→
強いかを止める・追いやる
animals with fire. They used this technology so much that, Scott thinks, we
should date the human-dominated phase of Earth, the so-called Anthropocene,
年代を定める
from the time our forebears mastered this new tool. - fire
先祖
人新を
We don't give the technology of fire enough credit, Scott suggests, because
創意
we don't give our ancestors much credit for their ingenuity over the long
発明系
period ninety-five percent of human history during which most of our
~としての火
m
species were hunter-gatherers. "Why human fire (as landscape architecture-
doesn't register as it ought to in our historical accounts is perhaps that its
説明
~すべき
effects were spread over hundreds of millennia and were accomplished by
黄金時代
'precivilized' peoples also known as 'savages,"" Scott writes. To demonstrate the
野蛮人
significance of fire, he points to what we've found in certain caves in southern
ふるい
Africa. The earliest, oldest strata of the caves contain whole skeletons of
ほらあな
全身のホネ たべられていない
carnivores and many chewed-up bone fragments of the things they were eating,
肉食動物
役割
人…たべられる
including us. Then comes the layer from when we discovered fire, and ownership
(d)
of the caves switches: the human skeletons are whole and the carnivores are
たべる
たべられる
bone fragments Fire is the difference between eating lunch and being lunch.
存在する
Anatomically modern humans have been around for roughly two hundred
(iv)
thousand years. For most of that time, we lived as hunter-gatherers. Then,
about twelve thousand years ago, came what is generally agreed to be the
一般的に信じられている
the
definitive before-and-after moment in our ascent to planetary dominance
上昇
分かれ目
地域全体の文配
Neolithic Revolution. This was our adoption of, to use Scott's word, a "package"
新革命
獣いたべる
↓火の発見
人…たべる
獣…たべられる

ページ8:

of agricultural innovations, notably the domestication of animals such as the cow
and the pig, and the transition from hunting and gathering to planting and
cultivating crops.
The most important of these crops have been the
cereals — wheat, barley, rice, and maize that remain the staple' of humanity's
穀物
diet. Cereals allowed population growth and the birth of cities, and, hence, the
development of states and the rise of complex societies.
設問 (1) 本文中の下線部(i)(iv)の語句の意味に最も近いものを, (イ)~ (二)から選び、
記号で答えなさい。
(i) hand in glove
(イ) closely related
関係が深い
(ハ) under protection
(ii) credited
保護下
(ロ) in contrast
対照
(1) under restraint
制限下
((イ) attributed
(ハ) known
創意工夫
(iii) ingenuity
(イ) authenticity
(八) sensitivity
(口)charged
() paid
(□) cleverness
() truthfulness
(iv) around
(1) existent
(ハ) settled
設問(2) 下線部(a)の意味を日本語で表しなさい。
股間(3) 下線部(b) の意味を日本語で表しなさい。
(口) revolved
() wandering

ページ9:

(A)
くな
P
テーマ:キャッシュレス社会 (70 words)
•
利点問題点を分析する
①「利便性」、「弊害」
「結論をズバリ言う→歩つかえるほど語数ない
③語数が少ないときの対策→簡潔に。
構成とアイデア
P.賛成/反対
R
PRERE
理由①
例①
理由②
70語ぐらいなら.
さいごの結論なくてもいい。
例②
No.
Date
立場を決めたらそれに徹する
よく使う冒頭表現
I think < that SU>鹿、立場を示す。
believe.
First Second,
N :7
語数を抑えられる.first. Second, のあとは明確に
feel comfortable doing~するのが楽だ快適だ
具体例を上げるとき・・・当事者意識→それをちょっと一般化してみる
L
Criminals practice fraud→犯罪者が詐欺する
allow to U賛成のとき便利するのを可能にする
~ is effective at ~
→
~にするのにいい
Cause social problem→反対のときに便利
キャッシュレス社会”は、ある特定のものなので冠詞つけよう。
○○社会について~など作ら、"th"がいる
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ページ10:

Date
IV
(A)「どのような~考えたのか」
P
どのような~とどのように。
→節の並列
N
とりもなおさず~側面があります。
言葉に捉われない
→どういう役割で使われている言葉なのか?
「高い費用~学ばせてもらう
at a high price 高い費用でot a low price 安い費用で
教訓を学ぶ
learn lesson
「当時の~することがないように」
~することがないように=目的の表現
foolish mistake 愚かなまちがい
ミスする make a mistake (x do)
!!! SV so that SV.
a
~so that SV =メリット
① 目的
② 結果
ex) I got early, so that I could catch the bus.
早起きしたので、バスにのれた
英作文のポイント>
オフェンスとなる部分をしっかり表現する
(A)
ディフェンス…点数を引かれない→自分のできる表現を
な
<対策>
①訳しやすい文に変換するスキル
②長い文章の対策
③旬と節を攻略する
KOKUYO LOOSE LEAF 5836T 6mm ruled x

ページ11:

(B)
(1)「~に伝える」
convey
N
communicate with ~
share with ~
「大切なことは」
_What is important is~
[_vital]
可算名詞→複数の方が自然
T
~を鵜呑みにする」
accept ~ uncritically
_Swallow
((ロ)「ペンを持つ人間」
書く人→ writers.
「傲慢な」
arrogant,
rude
浮かばないなら柔軟にかえていく
「特権的なばしょ」
special position
be over.
おわっている
write = describe で言い換え
as if 8 仮定法過去…まるで~かのように
in spite of ~ even though ~
N
~に関らず