ページ3:

問1
Both cupuacy and buriti can be used to make 1
① a cake
chocolate
ice cream
4 yogurt
問2 If you want to make a sour cake, the best fruit to use is 2
→間で読んだ cupuacu,burifiに
buriti
この記述はなかった!=)①②は切れる
cupuaçu
(3) jabuticaba
残りの2つを読む!!
④ pitanga
-5-
(2110-5)

ページ4:

①
B You are looking at the website for the City Zoo in Toronto, Canada and you
find an interesting contest announcement. You are thinking about entering the
contest.
Contest!
Name a Baby Giraffe
↓上から流し読みでOK!
Let's welcome our newest animal to the City Zoo!
A healthy baby giraffe was born on May 26 at the City Zoo.
He's already walking and running around!
He weighs 66 kg and is 180 cm tall.
Your mission is to help his parents, Billy and Noelle, pick a name for their baby.
How to Enter
Click on the link here to submit your idea for his name and follow the
directions.
→>> Enter Here
Names are accepted starting at 12:00 a.m. on June 1 until 11:59 p.m. on
June 2 受け入れる
5問1へ
Watch the baby giraffe on the live web camera to help you get ideas.
→
Live Web Camera
Each submission is $5. All money will go towards feeding the growing
baby giraffe.
Contest Schedule
June 8
June 9
The zoo staff will choose five finalists from all the entries.
These names will be posted on the zoo's website by 5:00 p.m.
How will the parents decide on the winning name?
Click on the live stream link between 11:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m.
to find out!
Live Stream
Check our website for the winning name after 12:00 p.m.
→
Prizes
All five contest finalists will receive free one-day zoo passes valid until the end
of July.
5問3へ
The one who submitted the winning name will also get a special photo of the
baby giraffe with his family, as well as a private Night Safari Tour!
6
(2110-6)

ページ5:

2
問1
You can enter this contest between
3
①May 26 and May 31
2 June 1 and June 7
③ June 8 and June 9
June 10 and July 31
2 When submitting your idea for the baby giraffe's name, you must
4
buy a day pass =7書かれてない
(2)
pay the submission fee
③
spend five dollars at the City Zoo 動物園”"で"5ドル使う訳ではない
watch the giraffe through the website⇒名付けの参考にしてもよいというだけなので、
「must」と合わない。
3 If the name you submitted is included among the five finalists, you will
5
①⑦①I get free entry to the zoo for a day
have free access to the live website
(3
meet and feed the baby giraffe
take a picture with the giraffe's family =>
-7-
(2110-7)

ページ6:

①から読んでいこう
第2問(配点 20)
「設定を読み、場面を思い浮かべながら
読む」ために最初にココを読む
A You are on a Future Leader summer programme, which is taking place on a
university campus in the UK. You are reading the information about the
library so that you can do your coursework.
Abermouth University Library
Open from 8 am to 9 pm
2022 Handout
5間5②
Library Card: Your student ID card is also your library card and photocopy
card. It is in your welcome pack.
Borrowing Books
You can borrow a maximum of eight
books at one time for seven days. To
check books out, go to the Information
Desk, which is on the first floor. If
books are not returned by the due date,
you will not be allowed to borrow library
books again for three days from the day
the books are returned.
Using Computers
Computers with Internet connections are
in the Computer Workstations by the
main entrance on the first floor
Students may bring their own laptop
computers and tablets into the library,
but may use them only in the Study
Area on the second floor. Students are
asked to work quietly, and also not to
5問い
reserve seats for friends.
Library Orientations
On Tuesdays at 10 am, 20-minute library
orientations are held in the Reading
Room on the third floor. Talk to the
Information Desk staff for details.
8
194
Comments from Past Students
• The library orientation was
really good. The materials
•
were great, too! → S
The Study Area can get >PAS ④
really crowded. Get there as
混んでいる
early as possible to get a
seat!
• The Wi-Fi inside the library is
quite slow, but the one at the
coffee shop next door is
good. By the way, you
cannot bring any drinks into
•
the library.
The staff at the Information
Desk answered all my
questions. Go there if you
need any help!
On the ground floor there are
some TVs for watching the
library's videos.
When
watching videos, you need to
use your own earphones or
headphones. Next to the TVs
there are photocopiers.
(2110-8)
問50

ページ7:

2
②は設問数が多めなので、
②→③の順に読んで問2までを解き、②を読むのがよい。
※問1問2を解くのに③を全て読んでも構わない。
返り読みをすることになってしまうがコレは仕方ない…
問1
6 are two things you can do at the library.
3人目のコメント
: bring in coffee from the coffee shop
B:save seats for others in the Study Area
C: use the photocopiers on the second floor
D:use your ID to make photocopies
コンビネーション問題は
必ず「消去法」で!!
E:use your laptop in the Study Area
同項目からBは誤り
A and B
②A and C
「Using computer」の項目を見ると、Eは正しそう。
BとDの正誤へ
③B and E
CandD
残りの選択肢を見て、複数の選択肢に関わる文章をチェックする
(⑤) D and E
SD,Eの正誤を見る
今いる所=1階
今から行くこと=3階
問2 You are at the main entrance of the library and want to go to the
orientation. You need to
7
① go down one floor
(2) go up one floor
③
go up two floors
3F
2F
stay on the same floor
BI
IF
by や next to, in frontofを探す
問3
8
near the main entrance to the library.
① The Computer Workstations are
The Reading Room is
③
The Study Area is
(4)
The TVs are
- 9
(2110-9)

ページ8:

ページ9:

B You are the editor of a school English paper. David, an exchange student
from the UK, has written an article for the paper.
Do you like animals? The UK is known as a nation of animal-lovers; two in five
UK homes have pets. This is lower than in the US, where more than half of
homes have pets. However, Australia has the highest percentage of homes
with pets!
Lypain
Why is this so? Results of a survey done in Australia give us some answers.
Pet owners mention the following advantages of living with pets:
問2
➤ The love, happiness, and friendship pets give (90%);
<
The feeling of having another family member (over 60% of dog and
cat owners);
The happy times pets bring. Most owners spend 3-4 hours with their
問2の根拠
193
'fur babies' every day and around half of all dog and cat owners let
74745
their pets sleep with them!
One disadvantage is that pets have to be cared for
when owners go away. It may be difficult to organise
care for them; 25% of owners take their pets on
holidays or road trips.
These results suggest that keeping pets is a good thing. On the other hand,
since coming to Japan, I have seen other problems such as space, time, and
cost. Still, I know people here who are content living in small (flats with pets.
Japan 4
アパート(イギリス英語
Recently, I heard that little pigs are becoming popular as pets in Japan. Some
people take their pig (s) for a walk, which must be fun, but I wonder how easy
it is to keep pigs inside homes.
-11-
(2110-11)

ページ10:

問1
ペットを飼っている家庭
In terms of the ratios for homes with pets, which shows the countries'
ranking from highest to lowest?
11
Australia the UK the US
② Australia-the US—the UK
The UK - Australia the US
④ The UK - the US Australia
The US — Australia the UK
(6) The US-the UK Australia
the UK
1/3=40%
the US
//=
=50%
Australia the highest
問2 According to David's report, one advantage of having pets is that 12
利点
① you can save money
you can sleep longer
(3
you will become popular
④ your life can be more enjoyable
問3 The statement that best reflects one finding from the survey is
→この調査で分かったことの1つを最もよく反映しているもの
13
'I feel uncomfortable when I watch TV with my cat.'
3つとも
記述が
② ‘I spend about three hours with my pet every day.'
ない!!!
調査結果の「あるなし問題」
↓
消去法を利用する
Most pets like going on car trips.'
Pets need a room of their own.'
この手の問題は誤った選択肢に「本にあった単語」を使いがちなので、
「見ため」ではなく「内容」で切るようにしたい!!
-12-
(2110-12)

ページ11:

要約","タイトル"は全読んでから
PAR<
問4 Which best summarises David's opinions about having pets in Japan?
14
David'sの意見と反対のことを言っている
最後の段落を確認
↓
It is not troublesome to keep pets.
記述なし[
People might stop keeping pets.
Q Pet owners have more family members.
④
Some people are happy to keep pets inside their homes.
問 5 Which is the most suitable title for the article? 15
Does Your Pet Sleep on Your Bed?→関係ない
(②What Does Keeping Pets Give Us?
What Pet Do You Have? どんなペット飼ってるかは関係ない
Why Not Keep a Pet Pig?→豚を飼育する話ではない。
Summerizeやtitleは基本“消去法"⇒内容は割とユニークなものが多いので、
比較的切りやすいはず!!
消去法
-13-
(2110-13)

ページ12:

3
①から読んでいこう!!
第3問(配点15)
A You are interested in how Japanese culture is represented in other countries.
You are reading a young UK blogger's post.
Emily Sampson
Monday, 5 July, 8.00 pm
On the first two Sundays in July every year, there is an intercultural event
in Winsfield called A Slice of Japan. I had a chance to go there yesterday.
It is definitely worth visiting! There were many authentic food stands
called yatai, hands-on activities, and some great performances. The yatai
served green-tea ice cream, takoyaki, and yakitori. I tried green-tea ice
cream and takoyaki. The takoyaki was especially delicious. You should try
some!
I saw three performances. One of them was a rakugo comedy given in
English. Some people were laughing, but somehow I didn't find it funny.
問2
It may be because I don't know much about Japanese culture. For me, the
other two, the taiko and the koto, were the highlights. The taiko were
powerful, and the koto was relaxing.
I attended a workshop and a cultural experience, which were fun. In the
workshop, I learnt how to make onigiri. Although the shape of the one I
made was a little odd, it tasted good. The nagashi-somen experience was
really interesting! It involved trying to catch cooked noodles with
chopsticks as they slid down a bamboo water slide. It was very difficult to
catch them.
If you want to experience a slice of Japan, this festival is for you! I took a
picture of the flyer. Check it out.
- 14 -
(2110-14)

ページ13:

↓必要そうなときに見る
Food Stands
A Slice of Japan
The Culture Park, Winsfield
Held on first & second Sundays in July (9.00 am-4.00pm)
Traditional Performances
Green-tea ice cream
Green-tea
Ice Cream
Yakitori
(chicken skewers)
Takoyaki
(octopus snack)
Hands-on Activities
Koto
Nagashi-somen (noodles)
Experience
(harp)
Taiko
(drums)
Onigiri (rice balls)
Workshop
Rakugo
(comic
storytelling)
問1
In Emily's blog, you read that she
16
⇒全文読まないと分からない
全部読んで「消去法」
⑩ enjoyed Japanese traditional music
ドラム体験は
行われていない!!
learnt how to play Japanese drums
本を読むときに Emilyがしたこと、
感じたことに印をつけながら読む。
I made a water slide from bamboo→流しそうめんは食べたけどスライダーは作ってない。
I was able to try all the yatai foods →焼き鳥を食べてないのでメ
ここで上のイラストを利用する
問2 Emily was most likely
17
when she was listening to the rakugo
comedy.
⑩ confused
convinced
(3
excited
relaxed
-15->
(2110-15)

ページ14:

B You enjoy outdoor sports and have found an interesting story in a mountain
climbing magazine.
今回の場合。
Attempting the Three Peaks Challenge
進路は書き込んでおくのが
よい
Last September, a team of 12 of us, 10
climbers and two minibus drivers, participated
in the Three Peaks Challenge, which is well
known for its difficulty among climbers in
Britain. The goal is to climb the highest
mountain in Scotland (Ben Nevis), in England
,
By John Highland
Ben Nevis
(▲1344 m)
Scafell Pike
(▲ 977 m)
- Snowdon
(▲ 1085 m)
within 24 hours, including
(Scafell Pike) and in Wales (Snowdon)
approximately 10 hours of driving between the mountains. To prepare for this,
we trained on and off for several months and planned the route carefully. Our
challenge would start at the foot of Ben Nevis and finish at the foot of
Snowdon.
We began our first climb at six o'clock on a beautiful autumn morning.
Thanks to our training, we reached the summit in under three hours. On the
問1①
way down, however, I realised I had dropped my phone. Fortunately, I found it
with the help of the team, but we lost 15 minutes.
PA 14
We reached our next destination, Scafell Pike, early that evening. After
six hours of rest in the minibus, we started our second climb full of energy.
As it got darker, though, we had to slow down. It took four-and-a-half hours to
問2
complete Scafell Pike. Again, it took longer than planned, and time was
running out. However, because the traffic was light, we were right on
schedule when we started our final climb. Now we felt more confident we
could complete the challenge within the time limit.
Unfortunately, soon after we started the final climb, it began to rain
heavily and we had to slow down again. It was slippery and very difficult to
see ahead. At 4.30 am, we realised that we could no longer finish in 24 hours.
(2110-16)
-16-

ページ15:

Nevertheless, we were still determined to climb the final mountain. The rain
got heavier and heavier, and two members of the team decided to return to the
間③
minibus. Exhausted and miserable, the rest of us were also ready to go back
down, but then the sky cleared, and we saw that we were really close to the
top of the mountain. Suddenly, we were no longer tired. Even though we
weren't successful with the time challenge, we were successful with the climb
challenge. We had done it. What a feeling that was! 本を読みながら
出てきたらチェック
問1
Put the following events: KCE:①⑰CL_L
※※時制に注意
into the order they happened.
18 → 19 -> 20 →>>
21
4
2
①All members reached the top of the highest mountain in Scotland.
② Some members gave up climbing Snowdon.
(3)
The group travelled by minibus to Wales. = Snowdon life;
The team members helped to find the writer's phone.
=
Ben Nevis nie.
2 What was the reason for being behind schedule when they completed
Scafell Pike? 22
この名詞が出てくるところをしっかり見る
☑It took longer than planned to reach the top of Ben Nevis.
②It was difficult to make good progress in the dark.
頂上に着くのではなく下山が遅れた。
The climbers took a rest in order to save energy. ⇒バス移動での話なので関係無し、
①The team had to wait until the conditions improved.
3 From this story, you learnt that the writer 23
X
1. 全文読まないと分からない
"1
「消去法」
① didn't feel a sense of satisfaction =) what a feeling that was Fix
② reached the top of all three mountains
I successfully completed the time challenge ⇒時間には間に合っていない
④K was the second driver of the minibus =) 2 fl.
-17-
(2110-17)

ページ16:

☆2つの文章を"同時に読まない
=>
LAさんの文章 解けるところを解く ⇒Bさんの文章 最後まで解く
=>
&
第4問 (配点 16) 選択肢を絞っておく
You are a new student at Robinson University in the US. You are reading the
blogs of two students, Len and Cindy, to find out where you can buy things for
your apartment.
New to Robinson University?
Posted by Len at 4:51 p.m. on August 4, 2021
Getting ready for college? Do you need some home appliances or
electronics, but don't want to spend too much money? There's a great store
close to the university called Second Hand. It sells used goods such as
televisions, vacuum cleaners, and microwaves. A lot of students like to buy
and sell their things at the store. Here are some items that are on sale now.
Most of them are priced very reasonably, but stock is limited, so hurry!
問3
291
Second Hand Sale for New Students!
Television
2016 model
50 in.
$250
Vacuum Cleaner
2017 model
$30
Rice Cooker
$40
2018 model
W 11 in. x D 14 in. x H 8 in.
Microwave
2019 model $85
1.1 cu. ft. 900 watts
W 9 in. x L 14 in. x H 12 in.
Kettle
2018 model $5
10
https://secondhand.web
Purchasing used goods is eco-friendly. Plus, by buying from Second Hand
you'll be supporting a local business. The owner is actually a graduate of
Robinson University!
問3
18
(2110-18)

ページ17:

Welcome to Robinson University!
Posted by Cindy at 11:21 a.m. on August 5, 2021
Are you starting at Robinson University soon? You may be preparing to
buy some household appliances or electronics for your new life.
You're going to be here for four years, so buy your goods new! In my first
year, I bought all of my appliances at a shop selling used goods near the
university because they were cheaper than brand-new ones. However, some of
them stopped working after just one month, and they did not have warranties.
I had to replace them quickly and could not shop around, so I just bought
原因
everything from one big chain store. I wish I had been able to compare the
prices at two or more shops beforehand. *14
↓だから
原因
The website called save4unistu.com is very useful for comparing the prices
of items from different stores before you go shopping. The following table
compares current prices for the most popular new items from three big stores.
Item
Cut Price.
Great Buy.. Value Saver
Rice Cooker
$115
$120
$125
(W 11 in. x D 14 in. x H 8 in.)
Television
$300
$295
$305
(50 in.)
Kettle
$15
$18
$20
(1ℓ)
Microwave
$88
$90
$95
(1.1 cu. ft. 900 watts)
Vacuum Cleaner
$33
$35
$38
(W 9 in. x L 14 in. x H 12 in.)
https://save4unistu.com
Note that warranties are available for all items. So, if anything stops
working, replacing it will be straightforward. Value Saver provides one-year
warranties on all household goods for free. If the item is over $300, the
warranty is extended by four years, Great Buy provides one-year warranties
on all household goods, and students with proof of enrollment at a school get
10% off the prices listed on the table above. Warranties at Cut Price are not
provided for free. You have to pay $10 per item for a five-year warranty.
years
Things go fast! Don't wait or you'll miss out!
問2
(2110-19)
19

ページ18:

問1
Len recommends buying used goods because 24
it will help the university =7
most of the items are good for the environment
(③ they are affordable for students
手頃な価格
you can find what you need in a hurry =>
2 Cindy suggests buying 25
from a single big chain store because it saves time
⑤全体から指旨を
①
読み取る問題
視野を広く持とう!!
②
from the website because it offers the best prices
(3)
new items that have warranties for replacement
Ⓐ used items because they are much cheaper than new items
2
3 Both Len and Cindy recommend that you 26
buy from the store near your university => Cindy 112 113.
2
buy your appliances as soon as you can
Lenは全く
☐
触れていない[
choose a shop offering a student discount
choose the items with warranties
-20-
(2110-20)

ページ19:

4 If you want to buy new appliances at the best possible prices, you should
27
↳ Cindy to
① access the URL in Cindy's post
access the URL in Len's post
価格を比べるなら save4unist.com
contact one big chain store=価格を比べられない
contact shops close to the campus
探しながら読む!
5 You have decided to buy a microwave from 28
cheapest. You have also decided to buy a television from
because it is the
29
because
it is the cheapest with a five-year warranty. (Choose one for each box from
options ①~4.)
→情報を整理して解くべき。
1 Cut Price
(2)
Great Buy
microwave
-
cheapest
television
-
cheapest with five-year warranty.
(3) Second Hand
4 Value Saver
☆学生は②だけ10% off (Cindy)
microwave
television
Price
warranty ad
88
300
No
+5年
②
9081
②
295
(Year
×
85
85
No
+557
95
305
5 years
+0年
"
310
- 21
1
②2
OUT 5年だけの保証をかけられない。
OVT
305
(2110-21)

ページ20:

☆伝記、エッセイと
⇔「1つの物語」
ヒントとして持っておく
話の山場を抑える
↓
第5問 (配点15)
In your English class, you will give a presentation about
「文章のテーマ」
a great inventor.
You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.
介
③
本人のスト
リ
Who invented television? It is not an easy question
to answer. In the early years of the 20th century, there
was something called a mechanical television system, but
it was not a success. Inventors were also competing to
develop an electronic television system, which later
became the basis of what we have today. In the US,
there was a battle over the patent for the electronic
television system, which attracted people's attention
because it was between a young man and a giant corporation. This patent
would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop, use,
or sell the system.
Farnsworth in 1939.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His
family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old, and he was excited to
find a generator-a machine that produces electricity when they moved into a
new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology,
reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair
the old generator and even changed his mother's hand-powered washing
machine into an electricity-powered one.
One day, while working in his father's potato field, he looked behind him
and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly, it
occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on a
screen using parallel lines, just like the rows in the field. In 1922, during the
spring semester of his first year at high school, he presented this idea to his
chemistry teacher, Justin Tolman, and asked for advice about his concept of an
electronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards, he
-22-
(2110-22)
5 山場の伏線

ページ21:

W
談
showed the teacher how it might be accomplished, and Tolman encouraged him
to develop his ideas.
On September 7, 1927, Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first
electronic image. In the following years, he further improved the system so
that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him
a patent for this system in 1930.||
However, Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A
giant company, RCA (Radio Corporation of America), also saw a bright future
for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They recruited
Vladimir Zworykin, who had already worked on an electronic television system
and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet, in 1931, they offered
Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system was
superior to that of Zworykin's. He refused this offer, which started a patent
war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth, claiming that
Zworykin's 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a working
version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case.
However, in the final round, the teacher who had copied Farnsworth's
blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of an
electronic television system at least a year before Zworykin's patent was
issued. In 1934, a judge approved Farnsworth's patent claim on the strength of
handwritten notes made by his old high school teacher, Tolman.
Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and
foreign patents, mostly in radio and television, and in 1999, TIME magazine
included Farnsworth in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
In an interview after his death, Farnsworth's wife Pem recalled Neil
Armstrong's moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her,
Farnsworth had said, “Pem, this has made it all worthwhile." His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air
and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
- 23-
(2110-23)
この話の
山場

ページ22:

設問ごとに必要に応じてチェック
Your presentation notes:
Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971)
30
Early Days
- born in a log cabin without electricity
31
32
Sequence of Key Events
33
34
2
5
Farnsworth successfully sent his first image.
O O O
35
4
36
RCA took Farnsworth to court.
Outcome
-Farnsworth won the patent battle against RCA thanks
to 37
Achievements and Recognition
-Farnsworth had about 300 patents.
-TIME magazine listed him as one of the century's most
important figures.
38
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1番最後に解く
問1 Which is the best subtitle for your presentation?
本文全体の要旨を問われている
① A Young Inventor Against a Giant Company
From High School Teacher to Successful Inventor
③ Never-Ending Passion for Generating Electricity
The Future of Electronic Television
30
2 Choose the best two options for 31 and
32
to complete Early
Days. (The order does not matter.)
bought a generator to provide his family with electricity
×
built a log cabin that had electricity with the help of his father
③ enjoyed reading books on every subject in school
Ⓐ④ fixed and improved household equipment for his family
got the idea for an electronic television system while working in a field
3 Choose four out of the five events
complete Sequence of Key Events.
33
34
35
36
~
in the order they happened to
①Farnsworth rejected RCA's offer.
1931
Farnsworth shared his idea with his high school teacher. 1922
RCA won the first stage of the battle. 少なくとも1931より後
The US government gave Farnsworth the patent. 1930
Zworykin was granted a patent for his television system. 1923
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問 4 Choose the best option for 37
to complete Outcome.
問2.3を
解ききって
the acceptance of his rival's technological inferiority
the financial assistance provided by Tolman
書いてない。
全文読んで
③
から解く
④
the withdrawal of RCA from the battle
the sketches his teacher had kept for many years
ズレメ
✓すること
主格が
問5 Choose the best option for 38 to complete Achievements and
Recognition.
裁判の相手
He and his wife were given an award for their work with RCA.
He appeared on TV when Armstrong's first moon landing was
×
broadcast.
③ His invention has enabled us to watch historic events live.
Many teenagers have followed their dreams after watching him on TV.
X
テレビに出てはない。
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ページ25:

16: 必ずしも全文を読まないといけない訳ではない
必要な情報をscanning"して解いていく
第6問 (配点24)
bキーワードを問から読みとる
⑥に関してはここは重要になりにくい
A Your study group is learning about "how time of day affects people." You
have found an article you want to share. Complete the summary notes for
your next meeting.
When Does the Day Begin for You?
When asked "Are you a morning person?" some reply "No, I'm a night
owl." Such people can concentrate and create at night. At the other end of the
clock, a well-known proverb claims: "The early bird catches the worm," which
means that waking early is the way to get food, win prizes, and reach goals.
The lark is a morning singer, so early birds, the opposite of owls, are larks.
Creatures active during the day are "diurnal" and those emerging at night are
"nocturnal."
問1
Yet another proverb. states: "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man
healthy, wealthy, and wise." Larks may jump out of bed and welcome the
morning with a big breakfast, while owls hit the snooze button, getting ready at
the last minute, usually without breakfast. They may have fewer meals, but
they eat late in the day. Not exercising after meals can cause weight gain.
Perhaps larks are healthier. Owls must work or learn on the lark schedule.
Most schooling occurs before 4:00 p.m., so young larks may perform certain
tasks better. Business deals made early in the day may make some larks
wealthier.
What makes one person a lark and another an owl? One theory suggests
preference for day or night has to do with time of birth. In 2010, Cleveland
State University researchers found evidence that not only does a person's
internal clock start at the moment of birth, but that those born at night might
have lifelong challenges performing during daytime hours. Usually, their world
42 の根拠
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ページ26:

experience begins with darkness. Since traditional study time and office work
happen in daylight, we assume that day begins in the morning. People asleep
are not first in line, and might miss chances.
Does everyone follow the system of beginning days in the morning? The
Jewish people, an approximately 6,000-year-old religious group, believe a day is
measured from sundown until the following sundown-from eve to eve.
Christians continue this tradition with Christmas Eve. The Chinese use their
system of 12 animals not only to mark years, but to separate each two-hour
period of the day. The hour of the rat, the first period, is from 11:00 p.m. to
1:00 a.m. Chinese culture also begins the day at night. In other words, ancient
customs support how owls view time.
Research indicates owls are smarter and more creative. So, perhaps larks
are not always wiser! That is to say, larks win "healthy" and sometimes
"wealthy," but they may lose "wise." In an early report, Richard D. Roberts
and Patrick C. Kyllonen state that owls tend to be more intelligent. A later,
comprehensive study by Franzis Preckel, for which Roberts was one of the
co-authors, came to the same conclusion. It is not all good news for owls,
though. Not only can schoolwork be a challenge, but they may miss daytime
career opportunities and are more likely to enjoy the bad habits of "nightlife,"
playing at night while larks sleep. Nightlife tends to be expensive.
University of Barcelona study suggests larks are precise, seek perfection, and
feel little stress. Owls seek new adventures and exciting leisure activities, yet
they often have trouble relaxing.
A
Can people change? While the results are not all in, studies of young
adults seem to say no, we are hard-wired. So, as young people grow and
acquire more freedom, they end up returning to their lark or owl nature.
However, concerns arise that this categorization may not fit everyone. In
addition to time of birth possibly being an indication, a report published in
Nature Communications suggests that DNA may also affect our habits
もまた
concerning time. Other works focus on changes occurring in some people due
to aging or illness. New research in this area appears all the time. A study of
university students in Russia suggests that there are six types, so owls and
larks may not be the only birds around!
→段落
丸ごと問3
43
の
根拠
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ページ27:

Your summary notes:
Vocabulary
When Does the Day Begin for You?
diurnalとは何かを探す。
Definition of diurnal: 39.
opposite: nocturnal
The Main Points
ら「夜行性の」が分かれば本を読むまでもなく選択できる
Not all of us fit easily into the common daytime schedule, but
we are forced to follow it, especially when we are children.
Some studies indicate that the most active time for each of us
is part of our nature.
• Basically, 40
•
のココだけはヒントが少なすぎるので、
本文参照
Perspectives keep changing with new research.
Interesting Details
3つの共通点を探す
The Jewish and Christian religions, as well as Chinese time
division, are referred to in the article in order to 41
キーワード
Some studies show that 42 may set a person's internal clock
and may be the explanation for differences in intelligence and
43
問1
Choose the best option for
39
achieves goals quickly
likes keeping pet birds
(3 lively in the daytime
skillful in finding food )-
ズレ&無し
in telligencez
対になるものを探す
- 30
(2110-30)

ページ28:

2 Choose the best option for
40
a more flexible time and performance schedule will be developed in the
future > ナシメ
enjoying social activities in the morning becomes more important as we
age =
x
③ it might be hard for us to change what time of day we perform best
ⒶA living on the owl schedule will eventually lead to social and financial
benefits
☑
3 Choose the best option for 41
① explain that certain societies have long believed that a day begins at
night
Ⓒ indicate that nocturnal people were more religious in the past
✗
say that people have long thought they miss chances due to morning
Jaziness ズレ
support the idea that owls must go to work or school on the lark
schedule ZV
4 Choose the best options for 42 and 43
amount of sleep
appearance
(3 behavior
(4)
cultural background
religious beliefs
(6 time of birth
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B You are in a student group preparing a poster for a scientific presentation
contest with the theme "What we should know in order to protect the
environment." You have been using the following passage to create the poster.
(③
Recycling Plastic
-What You Need to Know-
The world is full of various types of plastic. Look around, and you will see
dozens of plastic items. Look closer and you will notice a recycling symbol on
them. In Japan, you might have seen the first symbol in Figure 1 below, but
the United States and Europe have a more detailed classification. These
recycling symbols look like a triangle of chasing pointers, or sometimes a
simple triangle with a number from one to seven inside. This system was
started in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry in the US, but since 2008
it has been administered by an international standards organization, ASTM
(American Society for Testing and Materials) International. Recycling
symbols provide important data about the chemical composition of plastic used
and its recyclability. However, a plastic recycling symbol on an object does not
always mean that the item can be recycled. It only shows what type of plastic
it is made from and that it might be recyclable.
Figure 1. Plastic recycling symbols
安全
5
A
PETE
(PET)
HDPE
PVC
LDPE
PP
PS
OTHER
So, what do these numbers mean? One group (numbers 2, 4, and 5) is
considered to be safe for the human body, while the other group (numbers 1,
3, 6, and 7) could be problematic in certain circumstances. Let us look at the
safer group first.
High-density Polyethylene is a recycle-type 2 plastic and is commonly
called HDPE. It is non-toxic and can be used in the human body for heart
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安全なものの説明
45
の根拠
valves and artificial joints. It is strong and can be used at temperatures as low
as -40°C and as high as 100°C. HDPE can be reused without any harm and is
also suitable for beer-bottle cases, milk jugs, chairs, and toys. Type 2 products
can be recycled several times. Type 4 products are made from Low-density
Polyethylene (LDPE). They are safe to use and are flexible. LDPE is used for
squeezable bottles, and bread wrapping. Currently, very little Type 4 plastic is
recycled. Polypropylene (PP), a Type 5 material, is the second-most widely
produced plastic in the world. It is light, non-stretching, and has a high
resistance to impact, heat, and freezing. It is suitable for furniture, food
containers, and polymer banknotes such as the Australian dollar. Only 3% of
Type 5 is recycled.
Now let us look at the second group, Types 1, 3, 6, and 7. These are more
challenging because of the chemicals they contain or the difficulty in recycling
them. Recycle-type 1 plastic is commonly known as PETE (Polyethylene
Terephthalate), and is used mainly in food and beverage containers. PETE
containers or PET as it is often written in Japan - should only be used once
as they are difficult to clean thoroughly. Also, they should not be heated
above 70°C as this can cause some containers to soften and change shape.
Uncontaminated PETE is easy to recycle and can be made into new containers,
clothes, or carpets, but if PETE is contaminated with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC),
it can make it unrecyclable. PVC, Type 3 is thought to be one of the least
recyclable plastics known. It should only be disposed of by professionals and
never set fire to at home or in the garden. Type 3 plastic is found in shower
curtains, pipes, and flooring. Type 6. Polystyrene (PS) or Styrofoam as it is
often called, is hard to recycle and catches fire easily. However, it is cheap to
produce and lightweight. It is used for disposable drinking cups, instant noodle
containers, and other food packaging. Type 7 plastics (acrylics, nylons, and
polycarbonates) are difficult to recycle. Type 7 plastics are often used in the
manufacture of vehicle parts such as seats, dashboards, and bumpers.
Currently, only about 20% of plastic is recycled, and approximately 55%
ends up in a landfill. Therefore, knowledge about different types of plastic
could help reduce waste and contribute to an increased awareness of the
environment.
キケンなものの説明
33-
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ページ31:

Your presentation poster draft:
Do you know the plastic recycling symbols?
What are plastic recycling (symbols?
44
Types of plastic and recycling information
Type Symbol
1
PETE
(PET)
2
HDPE
Description
This type of plastic is
common and generally
easy to recycle.
This type of plastic is
easily recycled
45
This type of plastic is
46
Products
drink bottles, food
containers, etc.
heart valves, artificial joints,
chairs, toys, etc.
shower curtains, pipes,
flooring, etc.
3
PVC
A
Plastics with common properties
47
48
-34-
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ページ32:

2
問1 Under the first poster heading, your group wants to introduce the plastic
recycling symbols as explained in the passage. Which of the following is the
most appropriate?
44
Ⓐ They are symbols that rank the recyclability of plastics and other
related problems.
2 They provide information on the chemical make-up and recycling options
of the plastic.
⑯They tell the user which standards organization gave them certificates
for general use.
⑯ They were introduced by ASTM and developed by the Society of the
選択肢→本
Plastics Industry.
対応部分は見つけやすいので適宜見合わせて答える
2 You have been asked to write descriptions of Type 2 and Type 3 plastics.
Choose the best options for 45 and 46
Type 2
45
①and commonly known as a single-use plastic
(2)
×
and used at a wide range of temperatures
but harmful to humans
but unsuitable for drink containers
}逆バツ
Type 3
46
① difficult to recycle and should not be burned in the yard
① flammable; however, it is soft and cheap to produce
known to be a non-toxic product = +T=
well known for being easily recyclable
・35 -
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ページ33:

選択肢→本
対応部分は見つけやすいので適宜見合わせて答える
3 You are making statements about some plastics which share common
According to the article, which two of the following are
properties.
appropriate? (The order does not matter.)
47
•
48
DKK Boiling water (100°C) can be served in Type 1 and Type 6 plastic
containers.=)|がダメ
② It is easy to recycle products with Type 1, 2, and 3 logos. => 16"x
(3) Products with the symbols 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are suitable for food or drink
containers.
Ⓐ④ Products with Type 5 and Type 6 markings are light in weight.
Ⓒ Type 4 and 5 plastics are heat resistant and are widely recycled. = 4x
(⑨C Type 6 and 7 plastics are easy to recycle and environmentally friendly.
[ 6.7ばキケンなものだからメ
-36-
(2110-36)