ページ3:

○ By the time the rescue helicopter arrived, the ship ked sunk.
「~するまでに」
You cught not to speak while
you are
rating.
「~している間に」
• You had better take an umbrella in case it
(B)
完了形
rain s
roin}.
「~する場合に should roin
そなえて」
• I were sunglasses for fear that someone would find me.
「へを恐れて」
→「~するといけないので
should
[might
○ Let me say, lest we (should) forget him, that he was a very inportant person to us
「~しないように」
• Ten years have passed since we got married. / It has been ten years since we get worried.
現
カコ
●'11 will not be long before we know the truth.
「まもなく~するだろう」 before~
は副詞節
○1 did not know about that until I read the book.
現
It is not until I read the book that I knew about that.
「~して初めて…」
01_hod not gone a mile before I felt tired.
9
「~しないうちに…
○ When it comes to mathematics, Bob is second to none in his closs.
~のこととなると
・I'm lucky in that I have three brothers.
「~という点で」
○ Never give up even if you
2
child
as
としても」
make mistakes.
_he is, he con do the work much faster than odules.
無冠詞名詞/形容詞/副詞 tastsvusは~けれど」
a
Whether
you
I succeed or fail, you should try your best.
副詞節~しても…しても」
○ The mon asked me whether I had an ID card.
名詞節~しているか」
I must leave Sno matter how } heovily its snows
Chowever
w}
Choy snow.
より仮定っぽい
どれほど~しようと」
a
I will stick to my opinion no motter
whatever
what}
「何をしようと」
other people Ssoy
(may say)
判定っぽい
コ

ページ4:

• It is true that he is a
[9
is
石動かにだが、
good pitcher, but he does not always win.
Indeed its an excellent car, but I cannot afford it.
It's an excellent car
比較
indeed, but I cannot afford it.
確かに~だが、
He had three times as much money as I did.
倍もの」
That building is five times the height of this one.
「×」 ←名詞
•Call the polices as soon as possible } !
(as soon as you can
できるだけ早く。
• He is not so much a scholar as a popular writer.
He is a popular writer rather than a scholar.
9
~というよりむしろ」
The dd mon is more shy than unkind.
で原紙
The old man is shy rather than unkind.
「~というよりむしろ」
• She did not so much as get up in the morning.
「~さえしないで」
• He left me without so much as saying thanks.
「~もせずに」
• Mike is as hard working as any student in his class.
Q
「どんなAにも劣らず)
He is as great a musician as ever lived.
「これまでに・・・した誰にもおとらず」
• He is getting old, but he is as healthy as ever.
9
Nothing is Sas
「今までのどんな時とも同じように」
important Sus
world
peace.
50
more
than
「へほど~なものはない」

ページ5:

°
9
I have no more than fifty yen on me now.
-only
There were not more than twenty people on the beach.
He has
at most 「せいぜい」
• no less than 200 CDs.
= as many/much us
She wants to learn nut less than two new words every day.
=at least 「少なくとも」
What he did was nothing less than madness.
「まさにそのもの
• This car is no better than junk.
6
「いも同然だ」
(-)
There were as many as nine cats in the box.
「~もの」
11 will take at most ten minutes to
「せいぜい」
· get
there.
get
there.
• 11 will take at least three hours to
少なくとも」
• When it comes to math, I will get an average mork at best.
「せいぜい」
When it comes to English, I will get an average mark at worst.
• A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
a
「〜なのはいなと同じ」
I can not swim any more than a hammer can.
「へと同様に・・・ない」
「悪くても」
Exercise is no less important to our health than nourishment.
"A-A
1
肯定 なのはなのと同じ」
The higher we go up, the colder it is:
Q
1
(~
got more and more
「~するにつれて…」
as the speech went on.
• 1 like him all the better for his diligence.
•She looks all the younger because she is
「~なのでその分」
「~なのでなおさら」
very
active.
He was none the happier because he was rich.
「~にもかかわらずだない」

ページ6:

9
• She spent a month in the hospital but she is none the better for it."
•
•
°
Q
9
「いっこうに~ない
I love her none the less because people look down on her.
Though people look down on her, I love her none
the less.
「それでもやはり」
The wisest person sometimes makes mistakes.
「どんなに~でも」
She is famous abroad, Smuch more in Japan.
}
「ましてや~」
He can't write a simple report, {much less a novel.
{Still
He mode five mistakes in as many lines.
「ましてやんない」
• I know better than to go sailing without a life jacket.
9
r
~するような愚か者ではない」
More often than not, he plays tennis in the evening.
usually.

ページ7:

否定
I cannot possibly believe him.
どうしても~できない
9
This book is not in the leost
easy.
=
This book is not easy in the leust.
全く~ない
9
She is by no means stupid.
全く~ない
9
• Natural foods are not falway's
○ Doctors
9
°
(good for our digestion.
necessarily 必ずしも~ない
are not fumilur with all diseases.
「すべての人いるわけではない」
the question is not how he did it, but why he did it.
A
man
They
「〜ではなく…」
is not great because he knows many
「~からといって…というわけではない」
hever_meet_without quarreling.
「必ず~する」(二重否定)
tings.
0
The alarm clock failed
fo
go
off.
「~しない」「~できない」
9
Don't fail to call me on my birthday.
「必ず~する」
• He would be the last man to cheat on an examination,
「決して~しない」
You are the lost man Lexpected to see here.
• His new novel is far from (being) interesting
°
「へには程遠い」「全くへない。
She has just got morried, but she looks anything but hoppy.
11's nothing but a joke.
Fonly
• Babies do nothing but cry.
9
~ばかりする。
Her heart all but stopped when she was
=qlmost
「全く~ない」(~以外ならどんなものでも)
suddenly spoken to in the dark.

ページ8:

°
°
He is above stealing.
~などするような人じゃない」
there is hardly anyone in Japan who doesn't know tetsuko Kuroyanagi.
関係詞
D
9
。
「ほとんどない」
Those who wish to smoke niust go
~する人々
outside.
His success is an exomple of what we call the American Dream.
「いわゆる」=what is called
11 got dark, and what was worse, it began to rain.
「さらに悪いことに
• 1 one what I am today to my parents.
今の自分 「AはB'おかげである」
○ He is completely different from what he used to be.
°
°
the man he used to pe
What with working every day and raising children, I'm really bucy.
「~やらで」(原因を表す)
The sed is to fish {what } the sky is to birds.
A
B
C
D A:B=C:D
○ As is often the case with him, he arrived home late today.
関代。先行詞は後ろの主節、実情 関連
As is usual with her, she broke her promise,
関代。先行詞は後ろの主節 (二次的な情報)
• 1
gave
him what little food I had.
「少ないながら)~のすべて」 whatは関一形
・Whoever finds the bog must bring it here.
。
名詞節を導くしょ~な人はだれでしょ)
I want to paint such pictures as I see in museums.
~するそんな絵
this is the same jacket as was born by Brod in the movie
~と同じA
○ I had a fever. Thot was why I didn't go swimming.
そういうわけで.
・This Is how I practice writing a good essay.
このようにして(常に名詞節)

ページ9:

9
there was no one but thought he was guilty.
1
= that
not
I couldn't find anything with which to write.
挿入・省略
9
anything with which I wrote anything with which to write
anything to write with
What do you think he said when I asked him for a favor?
°
A
man
と思う?」の挿入
who I thought was my friend deceived me.
「へと思っていた」の挿入
• We would receive few, if any, benefies from the service.
。
Q
There is little water, if any.
「たとえあるとしてもほとんどない」
「たとえあるにせよ、へない」
they { seldom}), if ever, quarrel with each other.
°
(rarely)
「まずめったに~
1511)
°
11 is hard to make birds sing
when
you
want them to.
代不定詞
9
If anything, I find mathematics harder than English for me.
どちらかといえば、
I'd like to see you off if possible.
できれば
· I have 5000 yen, if not 10,000 yen.
~ではないとしても、

ページ10:

倒置強調
°
Never have I seen such beautiful scenery,
Q
°
否定の副詞+助動詞/re詞+5
Under no circumstances will you be allowed to leave here.
「いかなる状況でも」 例置
Not until we get sick do we appreciate the value of health.
「~になってはじめて
・Only in a tropical climate can that plant bear fruit.
(場所)でしから
°
"I haven't seen the movie."
Neither have 1."
「私も同様~ない」
4
9
。
0
She speaks French and German and so do 1.
She speaks good French.": "So she does."
私も同様だ。
「そうですね」同意
Not a word did she
say.
否定を含む目的語 御置
speechless.
C
V
S
So great was his astonishment that he was
Such was his eloquence thot all the audience were deeply moved.
Such単独 so great を代入
→
○ I'm young, but there's one thing 1 do know about life.
強調
What on earth happened? / Whot_in_the world happened?
一体?」

ページ11:

•
副詞の位置
[①][詞の後]
er) She spoke slowly.
②動詞の前
ex) We usually cot supper of seven.
桃態・頻度の副詞(always, often, sometimes, neverなどは頻度)
※be動詞の場合は後。
ex) He is always busy on weekdays.
※皮の副詞は助動詞があればその直後
連鎖関係代名詞
ex) what
挿入節を含む
you
thought you
could not do
これまでできないと思っていたこと。
pay
021001
(^)
pay 01 02 /
pay
(Y)
(金) 02
(目的)
A is (outside
○ because
←これは歯
・直接的な原因・理由を
Ais in the fartside of B
だと outdoors
linside J
←これは名
indoors
as
since
話し手・聞き手が
新情報として導く、
すでに知っている、または
自明の理由
間接的で補足的な
理由
°
。
。
remark (to O(x)) that節→ say (to 0) thot
remark on/about0→
speak about Oについて述べる。
9
suffer from O
長期的に病気などで苦しむ
回
suffer 0
~を被る。経験する。
①を探す、求める。
0102を求める。
SV for O
SV for 01 10 0₂
(1) AはBに帰する
(2)BはAに帰する
regard A
0S
helonging
5 B
attribute A to B.
regard A as caused by B

ページ12:

r
○a Aof B 「あるAのB」
A number など、
the A of B
「そのAのB」「BのA」
「数量」「単位」「種類」「程度」
○ It is that節 S should V
↑①話し手の要求や願望
②主観的判断、感情の強調。
9
動詞的動名詞
伴わない
副詞
冠詞や人称代名詞の所有格
修飾
of いらない
直接目的語を示すとき・・・
:名詞的動名詞
伴う.
形容詞
of 113
ex) His rapid drawing of the picture fascinated me.←
名詞的
ex) Drawing a picture
rapidly is impossible for me.←動詞的
。
Sis meant / intended
for O
「目的」「意図を表す.
to do
「SはOのために考えられている」
臆されている
a
sfor}all 0 = in spite of O
(with)
have good reason to do 「~するのは妥当である」
everys
゜ {}
代動詞do
+
十分な理由がある
⑩と同じように~」
01be committed to 0
「〇することを誓う」
「0に
する」
be
○ commit oneself {1.2}
all} 100 「残念ながらきわめて~」「全く~」
aonly)
SV into O'sが0に変わる。」
○SVO, with Os of 01(人)にO2をあたえる」
②「OsとO2を結びつける」
③ 501
provide, supply, chorge o
connect, associate とか
102 とみなす。 identify equate.