ページ3:

①
一見する
「見ためには1
It is often questioned why such a seemingly useless item of apparel as the necktie
was ever invented. It's thought by some scholars that it might have been the first
細長いもの
item of clothing ever worn, taking the form of a strip of fur around the necks of our
ancestors.
a ), the earliest evidence of the wearing of neckties was by the
Chinese. China's first emperor, "Shih Huang Ti, was afraid of death and ordered that
statues of his soldiers ( b ) for protection. He died in 210 BC, and when his
tomb was rediscovered in 1974, all of the statues inside wore neck cloths or ties./
Neckties were also present in Roman times./In 113 AD, after one of his victories,/
存在していた。
①53
the emperor "Trajan built a "marble column with images of thousands of soldiers,)
大理石の柱に何も兵士の像がほられた
many of whom are wearing neckties. It's thought by some that these soldiers wore
neckties to guard against cold weather or to absorb sweat
いろい経験を
「いるこいろんな形で存在した。
While neckties have been around in one form or another for
the Croatians in the 1600s first wore them as a fashion item
ネクタイ
victory against the Hapsburg Empire, thousands of soldiers
戦いの勝利に貢献したあと
thousands of years,
After helping in a
ハプスブルク帝国との
were presented to
拝謁した
King Louis XIV in Paris, among them a large group of Croatian marines, some of
whom wore colorful cravats. These cravats interested the French, who had never
seen such an article of clothing and who were soon wearing similar cravats Until
the French Revolution in 1789, the French maintained an elite army known as the
Cravate Royale, and the word "cravat" itself is from the French word cravate meaning
"Croatian."
エリートの軍隊
It wasn't long before the wearing of neckties spread. In 1660, Charles II returned
王の返を要求した。
to England from "exile and reclaimed the throne that he had lost during the English
Civil War He was followed by people in the upper class who brought the cravat to
England. After that it developed into the necktie,/became popular and then spread
ヘクタイへと発展
throughout Europe, then the U.S. and then the rest of the world.

ページ4:

5月 河合塾模試
2 次のA、Bに答えよ。(配点 16点) 会話
A 次の会話文1~3の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれア〜エの中か
ら1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
1. A: How are we going to get to the concert hall from the station?
B: It's too far to walk. (
)
ア. I don't mind walking there.
イ. Let's run to the hall.
歩いて行ってもいいよ。→×
ウ. We'd better go by train. 験からコンサートホールまでの行き方。
エ. Why don't we take a taxi?
① why don't we do ?
何かを一緒にしようと提案するときの宜壁表現が
2. A: Do you know where the nearest bus stop is?
B: (
)
A: Thanks anyway. →いずれにしてもありがとうございました。
ア. I'm afraid I don't→残念ですが知りません。
4. I'm sorry. Can I do anything? すみません。何かしてあげましょうか?
ウ. Yes. Around that corner. はい あの角をまがったところです。
エ. No. Behind this building → いいえ、このビルのうらです。
Thanks anyway おれにしてもありがとう。要請に応えてもらえなかった
とりあえず相手に感謝の気持ちを表す。
Thanks anyway の訳(意味)がわからなくて、まちがえた。
3. A: We have eaten quite a lot.
B: It'll cost quite a lot, too.
A: Don't worry. I'll treat today.
カジュ
B: Oh, no! You paid for lunch last week. ( )
ア. I'll pick up the bill today. pick up the bill勘定をもつ
Q. Next time it's my turn..
今回は私の番だよ”といういみだと思ったからまちがえた。
ウ. This time you'll pay cash.
. You'll pay as much as possible.

ページ5:

3 次のA, B, Cに答えよ。 (配点 36点)
orous
A 次の1~12の各英文の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれア~エの中
から1つずつ選び, 記号で答えよ。
) her voice when she is angry.
raises
arousc⑩⑩を目覚めさせる
イ. arouses
1 Patricia often (
ア. arises
raise ①をあげる Darouse
I. rises
・声をあげる” の意味だと思ったからまちがえた。
2. The babysitter tried hard, but she wasn't able to (
stop crying.
①② 使役☺の場合
2012.5
河合塾
) the baby to
et to do
get
イ. have
ウ. let
⑩にしてもらう
1. make
⑩にしてもらう
⑩にさせてやる
た・・させる
に
させる
に…させる
3. The grandmother was delighted to see her grandchild, whom she ( )
for a year. had not seerg
"delighted
7. did not see
ウ. has not seen
had not seen
エ will not see
一般動詞のかわりに用いられる。
☆過去の一時点に至るまでの継続は過去完了
4. Such a
Such a thing is unlikely to happen but if it
is unlikely to happen, but if it (), what could we do?
ア did
1. does
ウ. will
If did, ⑤ would (could/might) do~. 仮定法加。
5. I asked my brother to give me (
ア. a few advices
I. would
), but he didn't give me any.
a few算名詞の複数形で用いる
イ. a few piece of advice
ウ. some advices
advice は uncountableo
全 some pieces of advice
6. If you need to leave your seat, you (
even for a minute.
ア. don't have better
) leave your bag on your seat
had better not
I. hadn't better
ウ. had better not to
had better not do:~
しない方がいい。
7. I'm very sorry (
) your e-mail sooner.
ア. not to answer
イ not to have answered
ウ. to have not answered
I. to not answer
「返事をしなかった」のは「本当にごめんなさい」と感じている今より
前におこったこと。
-5-

ページ6:

enjoy doing~するのをたのしむ
8. Many people don't enjoy (
being made a fool of
to be made a fool
make a fool of
①®
) in front of others.
1. making a fool of
I, to make a fool of
33
9 Please speak louder so that you can make yourself (
. hearing
I. to hear
is made a fool of (by)
).
7. hear
heard
in pe P2302
10. This computer is (
) last year's model.
heavier a half 12 x
7. half heavier
50+原+asは肯定文で用いることは
1. half so heavy as
できない
make oneself heard
half the weight of
I. half weight of
) I think is
一倍数+the+名詞+of⑩⑩の..
11. He says that he can do without sleep for a week,
impossible.)
I think it is impossible 1150
7. but
1. that
. when
which
継続用法 前の句や節を丸ごと先行詞にできる! and but/ because
12. The problem I'm most concerned about is (
) Jimmy won't accept
my offer no matter how earnestly I try to persuade him to.
that
1. what
. whether
(9) heardo⑩が~するのを開くという形もあるが
①とdoの間には能動関係が成り立つ。
hear
doing
(10)倍数+ast原級
この形で用いられる名詞は
as A
倍 ~もある。
'
amount
number x
heigh
Size
焼きき
length
.
weight
ある
I. which

ページ7:

B 次の1,2の各英文の下線部のうち文法的に誤っているものを,それぞれア~エ
の中から1つずつ選び, 記号で答えよ。
1. <In the nineteenth century one of the most important discoveries of
European countries were a method of using natural gas for cooking and
heating.
(()
2.
(ウ
< one of the +最上級+複数名詞>は単数扱い。
Cooking in this pressure cooker, sweet vegetables like pumpkins will
taste ⓒな味がする
taste even sweeter.
(イケ
副詞の
[る。
C 次の1~4の各英文の下線部とほぼ同じ意味になるものを, それぞれア~エの中
から1つずつ選び, 記号で答えよ。
△rub: こする.
1. The elderly tend to be taken in more easily than the young.
7. criticized ① deceived
ウ. injured
sob of pi
I. robbed
tako @ in / take in⑦⑥をだます decene ⑩⑩をだます
2. How did it come about that the yen became so strong?
7. appear
イ. cause
ウ. explain
come about: 生じる①cause:⑩を引きおこす
3. I heard about the incident first hand from Tom.
happen
正確に
7. accurately
イ. briefly
directly
ただちに
immediately
偶然に
ア. casually
イ intentionally ウ. presumably
first hand: 直接に
4. Kevin firmly believed I had revealed his plan on purpose.
思いがけなく
I. unexpectedly
たぶん
on purpose:故に
intentionally:
intend to do ~
するつもりである

ページ8:

'
4 次のA, B に答えよ。 (配点 40点)
A 次の1~4の日本文の意味になるように,それぞれア~オの語句を並べかえて空
所を補い, 文を完成せよ。 ただし, 解答はそれぞれA と B の空所に入るもののみを
記号で答えよ。 (文頭にくる語も小文字で始めてある)
1. トムは1週間以上前になくした鍵を見つけることはできなさそうだ。
(
Iv
) (A) (
seems
that
)(B)( ) find the key which he lost
Tom is unable to
over a week ago.
ア. is unable to
イ. it
ウ. seems
I, that
才. Tom
そうだ It seems that ⑨ ⑩
②
できない
be unable to do
(1) Tomを主語にしたからまちがえた。
2. 終電は出た後だったので, タクシーを待つよりほかなかった。
The last train had already left, so (all) A ) (
(was) for a taxi.
ア. all
関係代名詞
) ( B )
do)
(エ could
先行詞
which/thet (1)
イ. could do
ウ.I
オ. was
①⑤ can do
is (40) do: ⑤にできるのは
することだけだ
I wait
3. エリオット教授は僕に彼のこの革装の本を貸してくれた。
leather-bound
Prof. Elliot lent me (this ) ) (book) (OB) (his).
7. book
ウ. leather-bound
イ. his
I. of
オ. this
:
① 彼のこの本 this book of his
形 leather-bound を bookの直前においてthis leather-bound
dark
4. 結局のところ、どうすればいいって?何をすべきだとあなたは言うのですか?
In the end, (what) do you say I) (should
ア. do
I, should
イ. do you say
オ. what
do
)?
ウ.I
book
of his となる。

ページ9:

英作文
①私はあなたにすぐに東京に出発してもらいたいのです。
自 I would like you to leave
I would like you to
Tokyo now!
now (2X)
leave for Tokyo soon (at once),
○○にしてもらいたい: would like to do
・Aに向けて出発する: leave for A
コレがなかった。
②このカプセルの風邪薬を飲むと眠くなることがあります。
運転する前には飲まないでください。
sleepyなら0
直 (These cold capsules) are occasionally make you sleep.
them
drive
Don't take
before you driving lor: before driving)
国 (These cold capsules) sometimes make you feel sleepy, so don'
take them before driving. (before you drive).
○ make ⑩ do:⑩に~させる
feel:☺と感じる
3
夕食の支度を母に手伝うように言われるといつも「はい、今行くわ」
と答えるが、すぐにゲームを止めることはない。
I'm coming
She answered "Yes, I'll go now" when her mother asked her
to help ready for dinner, but she would not
ask to do to
stop the game soon.
neverなどがある方がいい。
Jkwhen our mother tells her to help her (10) prepare dinner,
正
she always
says," Yes, I'm coming", but she never stops
playing her game immediately.
涼してすぐにはゲームをするのを止めない。
However, She always keeps playing her gamo for a while to
#whenever
our mother asks her to help her (TO) cook supper, she answers....

ページ10:

8月 河合塾
1 次のA, B に答えよ。 (配点 8点)
A 次の各組の単語に関して, 見出しの単語と下線部の発音が同じものを,それぞれ
ア~エの中から1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
1. toast
. abroad
broadcast
ou
coat
I. snowboard
6
-
toase coat n o 12 ou &:
と発音する
2. ginger
7. guilty
dm
イ legend
ウ. resign
・ vague
gingo ng legendages 3x/
B 次の各組の単語の中で, 第1アクセント (第1強勢) の位置が,ほかの3つと異な
るものを,それぞれア~エの中から1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
(1)あいまいな
辞職する
1. 7. cal-en-dar
1. choc-o-late
.ham-burg-er
Imu-se-um
2. 7. crit-i-cism
1. op-po-site
pa-ren-tal
I. sep-a-rate

ページ11:

2 次のA、Bに答えよ。 (配点 16点)
A 次の会話文1~3の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれア〜エの中か
ら1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
1. A: This problem is too difficult for me. Could you give me a hint?
B: (
ア. It depends.
) Do it on your own.
状況しだいたい
イ No way.
ウ. Not a little.少なからず
-
だめです。
1. Surely.
いいとも
いつもいつも
2. A: I'm sick and tired of working hard all the time. I need a break.
B: Actually, my family is going on a picnic this Sunday. ( )
A: Sounds great! Thank you.
Shall I introduce you to a good doctor?
イ What do you say to joining us?
w do you soy 10 wing?してはどうですか?勧誘や提案
ウ. You don't seem to be so tired.
エ. You don't sound like you mean it.
all the time を見てなくてまちがえた。
3. A: Do you remember what day it is today? 義に解される!
B: Are you asking me what today personally means to us?
その通り
A: Exactly."
B: ( )
アノ It's November 24.
がその意味を確認している
私たちにとって個人的に
2012.8.26
河合塾(千葉商科大)
結婚記念日
イ. It's our wedding anniversary.
ウ. It's Thanksgiving Day.
エ. It's Thursday,
us と「Exactly」もきちんと
考えればわかった。

ページ12:

B 次の会話文の( 1 )~(5)の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞ
れア~オの中から1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。 ただし, 1つの選択肢は1度しか
使えない。
5
10
Maria is talking with Chris, her sister.
Maria: Let me see the sweater you ordered online the other day. (1)
Chris Yes, but it isn't so nice as I expected.
Maria: Then why don't you return it or exchange it for another?
Chris I can't. I called, only to be told that they don't accept returns.
:
Maria: (2) I always tell
You are too careless.
tell you that you shouldn't buy things on the Net.
Chris (3) What made you stop buying things online?
:
Maria: The pictures and descriptions of the goods aren't always accurate
about what the items are like. その商品を正確には、
伝えていない
Chris Oh, so you were disappointed in something you bought, too.
Maria: That's not the only reason. (4)
Chris That's dangerous. ( 5 )
Maria: I hope you will be.
さらに
27. Didn't you read the terms and conditions?
5x. I'll be more careful from now on
4. My personal information leaked out.
問個人情報がもれたの
1. You got it today, didn't you?
3. You used to buy a lot of things on the Net.
• Terms and conditions 194
discription / ken
:
描写/説明
be
disappointed
leak
in⑩⑩ にがっかりする
OVE漏洩する

ページ13:

3 次のA, B, C に答えよ。(配点 36点)
A 次の英文1~12の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを,それぞれア~エの中から
1つずつ選び, 記号で答えよ。
1. Because Mary cannot keep secrets, I (
suspect ⑤
) that she is the one that
と疑うと思う
spread the news.
(ア. doubt
... イ. question ウ suspect
I, wonder ...
ということを疑う
ないと思う
きちんと味がなくてまちがえた(dou be suspecことにあいすく
) in oil prices.
2. Confusion in the stock market can be caused by. (.
株式市場の混乱
7. a lot increases,
イ high increases
10%は名詞を修飾しない。
ウ. large increases
I. many increase
3. Not every man and woman taking part in the game (
highは名詞 increasesには用いられない
) what was
happening in it.
be aware of ①に気がついている
be aware that....
ということに
イ. was aware that
気がついている
was aware of
were aware of
were aware (that
(イエ) thotが接続詞でありひか節を続けることはできない
4. The bridge is completed, but the highways leading up to it are still
(
).
being constructed
しいまだに建築中である
ウ constructing
The bridge
イ. constructed
いまだに建築される
1. to construct
(ウ)() constructに自動詞の用法はない。
5. “I had my wallet stolen. I had 50,000 yen in it."
"I'm sorry. You (
crypt, have done
ア. can't have carried
~したはずがない
)such a large amount of cash with you."
done
may not have
不 may not have carried
~しなかったかもしれない
ウ. ought not have carried
ought not to have carried
とする必要がある。
shouldn't have carried
~すべきではなかったのに
6. ( ) anybody to talk with for several days, I was very lonely.
右定の分詞構文は否定の前にnotをおく
ア. Hadn't
ウ. I didn't have
イ. Having not
Not having
(6) Because I didn't have anybody to tak with…とほぼ同意
…)節10回...)ド接続詞で続いていないので
文法的にまちがい

ページ14:

鈴木先生は5日間に5人の生徒の家を訪問した☆Forest P274
7. Mr. Suzuki visited the houses of five of his students in (
as many
イ as many as ウ. as much
)days.
I. as much as
as many は先行する数詞を受けて「じゅく)同数の」という意味
) is very popular among foreign tourists.
Kyoto which I lived in my childhood
イ. Kyoto, which I lived in my childhood,
ウ. Kyoto which I lived in in my childhood
習ったのに忘れててまちがえた。
唯一無二のものが関係詞の
先行詞である場合、非制限用法
を用いる(絶続用法)
エ Kyoto, which I lived in in my childhood,
☆ Forest P300
Forestに載ってたのに
まちがえた。
9(
) I've learned the rules of the game, I won't be easily beaten
Now that
今や…ので
again!
ア. Even if
イ. First time ウ Now that I. Once that
10. This riddle (
否定の状態の継続を表す場合
is not still solved
Stillは否定語の前におく
ウ. is yet not solved
) by these children.
This riddle solveは受動関係でなければならない
イ. is still to solve
be yet to do:これから…することになっている
エ is yet to be solved 34 していない
11. Lake Hamana is about 10 kilometers (
is距離+ to the west of A
) the west of Hamamatsu
③は人から西にある
Station.
7. at
(pur back
イ. in
ウ. on
/ put back
to
12. My son
yson Thels to play with toy cars, but he
★ Forest
P388
).
ア doesn't always put them away X. hardly puts away them
scarcely puts them away
4
seldom puts away them
程度を表す副詞であり、頻度を表す副詞ではない。
scarcely ever とすれば、めったにそれを片づけない。
その国など)内部の車
Antlers
lhardty/ scarcely (程度
rarely / seldom 頻度
few/little 数・量
in the east of A/ in the eastern port of
接触を表す
An
に
on the east of / on the eastern border
of 1
離れているときも、隣接している場合も用いられる。
A
Aの東隣に
[10 the) east of ①
がほとんどない

ページ15:

B 次の1,2の各英文の下線部のうち文法的に誤っているものを,それぞれア~エ
の中から1つずつ選び, 記号で答えよ。
1 Our boss ordered that he was informed within a week of every
complaint from the customers.
O
2. Don't hesitate to ask me if you have frfsome questions. I don't wanCol
to be any misunderstanding.
イ
(1)国→ Our boss ordered that ne (Should) be informed within a week
of every
complaint
from the customers.
①ウ... inform of⑩⑩⑩を知らせるを受動態にしたもの
①… every ⑩(単数名詞):すべての人を用いた表現の一部
・命令・提案などを表す動詞の語法
(2)国→ Don't hesitate to ask me if you have some questions,
I don't want there to be any misunderstanding.
③... hesitate
todo:~するのをためらう
①
質問があるということを前提にした場合には条件節の中でも
②⑰...
any questions ではなく some questions となる。
want to do: ①にして欲しいと思う。
どこが間違っているのかわからなくても、合っているもの(用法が)消していけば
解けると思う。
C 次の英文1~4の空所に入れるのに最も適当なものを, それぞれア~エの中から
1つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
1. Lucy looks very young. She can still ( ) for a high school student.
ア. allow
イ. answer
allow for : を考慮に入れる
ウ. feel
・answer for : ④の責任を負う/⑩を保証する
feel for A:Aに同情する
pass

ページ16:

2. Peter decided not to (
) of Kate's impoliteness.
7. get hold
イ. get rid
ウ take care
take notice
ピーターはワイトの不作法を気にしないよう決めた
③ get hold of A:⑩を手に入れる1⑩と連絡をとる
① get rid of 1:⑩を取り除く
⑦ take care of @ : @を世話する ① take notice of A:①に注意する人を気にする
take care of A:Aに注意を払うだと思ったからまちがえた
3. Jeremy was helpless. He had no choice but to remain at the (
) of
his fate.
7. cost
イ. head
mercy
エ. sight
ジェレミーは無力だった。彼は運命に翻弄されるより仕方がなかった。
⑨ at the cost of @:@を犠牲にして
① at the head of ⑩行列などの先頭に
(h)
at the
mercy of ADのなすがままに1に翻弄されて
② at the sight of A: ①を見て
4. The witness described the accident at (
), and the police found that
the driver was fully responsible.
ア. best
first
length
I, random
目撃者はその事故について詳細に説明し警察は車の運転手に
一切の責任があるとわかった。
① at
best:
よくてもせいぜい
1 at
h
first:最初は
at length: 長々と/詳細に
② at random: でたらめに
(3)(4) 意味を知らなくてまちがえた。

ページ17:

4 次のA、Bに答えよ。 (配点 40点)
A 次の1~4の日本文の意味になるように, それぞれア~オの語句を並べかえて空
所を補い, 文を完成せよ。 ただし, 解答はそれぞれAとBの空所に入るもののみを
記号で答えよ。
1. 我々の計画に反対する理由は何か教えてください。
Please tell me what (7) (AP) (大)(B)(2) is.
ア.for
イ. objecting
I. to our plan
オ. your
ウ the reason
する理由⇒ the season for ... ing
・人が……すること⇒動名詞に意味上の主語をつけてW(s) doing で表せる
.
⑩に反対する object 10:大に反対する
国 please tell me what the reason for your objecting to our plan is.
彼は,会社で出世すればするほど, ますます家族と過ごす時間がなくなった。
比較 The higher he was promoted in the company, ()
() ()
(B B) () with his family.
7. could spend
1. he
オ. time
I
less
. the
・ご較級が名詞を修飾する形容詞の場合、the 比較級+名+③④の語順
国 The higher he was promoted in the company, the less time
he could spend with his family.
timeの位置をまちがえた。

ページ18:

正
3. あんなにたくさん食べなかったら, 今頃そんなに眠くはないだろう。
仮定法 You(1)(A(ア)(B)
(2)
eaten so much
X. had
not
wouldn't be so sleepy now
X.you
.
仮定法過去完了と仮定法過去 IF③ had done
う
⑨ would do ~.
=
if ⑤ had done は汗を省略して had ⑤ done と表せる。
You wouldn't be so sleepy now had you not eaten so much.
You wouldn't be so deepy now if you had not eaten so much.
仮保法の場略の仕方を忘れしてまちがえたか
4. 医者が身体に良くないと言う悪習慣ならどんなものでも止めるべきです。
"You should give up (土) (An) (
)(B)(
) for
your health.
ア. are not good
イ. bad habits
ウ. says
I. whatever
オ. your doctor
•
⑩すると③がするどんな人も: whatever ①③④.....
I You should give up
whatever
ave not good for your health.
bad habits
your doctor says
B 次の1~3の日本文を英訳せよ。 ただし, 2は与えられた書き出しに続けて, 3
は下線部のみを英訳すること。
1. 小学生のとき,その博物館を10回以上訪問したことがあります。
がある場合に加妙です。
10回以上 more than ten times/ten times or more
国 when I ups an elementary school students, I visited the museum
more than ten times.
when I
in elementary school, I went to the museum ten
コレを知らなくもまちがえた。(授業で何度もならった)
times or more..
忘れてて

ページ19:

2.本とコンピューターは, 両者ともさまざまな情報を貯めておくために使うこと
ができるという点で非常によく似ている。 【Books and computers are で始め
似ている be alike / be
similar
~という点で
in that ⑤
・両者とも
both
・⑩を貯め⇒ store @
国 Books and computers are
to stove various pieces of information,
国 Books and computers are similar
a lot alike in that you can use both lof them)
because each can be used
10
hold many kinds of information
※ information は不可算名詞→apiece of W:1つの
「さまざまな情報」
R」を various informationsを表すのは不可
算名詞を
two pieces of ⑩:2つの⑩
教える場合
3. 情けの精神はどの時代でも欠かせないものであるのだが, どれだけの人が他人
に助けてもらうことと同じくらい, 他人を助けることに幸せを感じているのか。
【下線部のみを英訳すること】
・・・かと思う:I wonder 間接ギモン
どれくらいの数の人: how many A
~することについてⓔと感じる: feel about doing
I wonder how many people fecl as happy about
others os about being helped by others,
helping
国 Many people don't feel as happy when helping others
when they are being helped by others,
↑ as
他人に助けられているときほど他人を助けているときに幸せを感じない人が多い。
上の解釈だとそうなる)

ページ20:

5 次の英文を読んで, 後の設問に答えよ。 (配点 55点)
少なくともある程度は
他者の教官に対する感心
Humans are motivated, at least in part, by empathy and concern for the
5/2012
welfare of others, We donate blood for strangers, contribute to charity, and
人間はこんなことをする。
(1). Chimpanzees are, together with bonobos, our closest relatives, and
they similarly engage in cooperative hunting, comfort victims of aggression, and
彼ら(チンパンジー)もそうか
5 perform other collective activities. Would they show concern/for the welfare/
その他の集団での活動を行う。
彼らは関心を示すのか
幸福に
of unrelated, familiar chimps/if the benefits were, at no cost to themselves?
血縁関係はないが顔見知りのチンパンジーに。もし、親切な行為が損にならない場合に。
Primatologist Joan Silk and her collaborators conducted an experiment at no cost to:
協力者
with chimps that had lived together for fifteen years or more. Eighteen chimps
were studied, from two different populations/with different life histories. Pairs
2つの異なる個体群
10 of chimps faced each other in opposing enclosures, and could see and hear each
other. One chimp, the actor was given the choice to pull. one of two handles:
if the actor pulled the "nice" handle, both the actor and the other chimp got
food, and exactly the same portion. If the actor pulled the "nasty" handle only
the actor received food, and the other chimp got nothing. In a control test,
15 only the actor was present. Which handle did the chimps pull?
When no other chimp was present, the actors chose both options about
equally frequently. The chimps didn't care, and why should they? Yet even
when a second chimp arrived, the chimps didn't choose the "nice" option more
the other : 2つのうち、もう一方の人
often. Although they could clearly see the other one/displaying desperate
法的には対な要素
(3)
begging gestures, or Happily eating the food when it was given, the chimps
荒れ気
showed no sign of empathy. It should be noted that they showed no
[訓]
*spitefulness either. What mattered to the actors more/than the other chimp/
重要だったものは行者にとって
was whether the handle for the nice option was placed on their right or left
おもいやりの選択肢と
side. They had a much stronger preference for the right side/than for the
ハンドルが右側にあることを優先した
25 happiness of their partner.// Chimps simply did not seem to care about the
welfare of (4) group members.
What would children do in this situation? In a very similar study, three-
to five-year-old children were asked whether they would prefer to have one
*sticker for themselves/and one for a young female experimenter, or just a
自分もスラッカーをもらえるか
Du m
30 sticker for themselves. Most children went with the prosocial alternative, and
自分だけがもらえるか
go withst
some were even willing to give up their own stickers to the experimenter.
(6)
In
contrast to chimps, we humans give and share outside our families or even
when sharing proves costly.
2頭いるときには
prek
(E) empathy:
bonobo: ボノボ(ピグミーチンパンジー)
primatologist:
spitefulness: 意地の悪さ
T
enclosure: 囲い control test:
sticker: ステッカー

ページ21:

問1 空所(1)に入る最も適当なものを, 次のア~エの中から1つ選び、記号で
答えよ。
. envy other people's wealth
punish violators of social norms
ウ. seek only our self-interest
1. try to get ahead of others
社会規範の違反者を罰することは人々の幸福のためになる行為と考えられる。
contribute to chorityからも
donate
blood for strangers
「他者の幸福に関する」という態度の具体例だとわかる。
問2 下線部(2)の説明として最も適当なものを, 次のア~エの中から1つ選び, 記号
desperate
で答えよ。
ア. エサをもらうことに対して積極的なチンパンジー
芸をするよう仕込まれたチンパンジー
コレは書かれていない
ウ どちらかのハンドルを引くチンパンジー
反対側の檻の中に入れられたチンパンジー
(2)同格の関係にある名詞句同士はコンマによって結ばれることがある。
問3 下線部(3)を和訳せよ。
チンパンジーは相手のチンパンジーが必死なお願いのジェスチャーをしていたり
エリをもらえたときに幸せそうにエサを食べていたりするのをはっきりと見ることができたのに
共感を表すことは全くなかった。
問5 下線部(5)の内容を, 30字程度の日本語で具体的に述べよ。 ただし, 句読点も字
数に含む。
alternative: 12者以上から)選択すべきもの/選択肢
go with : 人に賛成する人を選ぶ
☆ prosocial⇒他人のためになる
①自分だけもらう
②自分も女性ももらう⇒prosocial alternative: 相手が利益を得られるような選択肢。
一単語がわからなくてまちがえた。
文章全体もよくわからなかった。

ページ22:

問4) 空所 ( 4 )に入る最も適当な語を, 本文中から1語で抜き出せ。
25の内容と見比べる。 (4)にunrelatedを入れると、チンパンジーは血縁関係がない
メンバーの幸福を気にしているようには見えなかった。25の内容のといかけの答え。
問6 下線部(6)を和訳せよ。
国 チンパンジーとは対照的に私たち人間は自分たちの家族外でも
また分けあうことが高くつくと判明したときでも与えたり分け合ったりするのだ。
チンパンジーとは対照的に
問7 本文の内容と一致するものを, 次のア~オの中から2つ選び, 記号で答えよ。
ただし、解答の順序は問わない。
人間に最も近い親戚であるチンパンジーやボノボは, 人間と同様に集団行動
を行う。
イ. 対照実験では,チンパンジーはエサをもらえなかった。
ウ. チンパンジーは、 意地悪をして 「思いやりのある」方のハンドルを引かない
ことがあった。
. チンパンジーには,ハンドルの位置の方が別の檻のチンパンジーの幸福より
も大切だったようだ。
子どもの実験では、 自分のステッカーを実験者のステッカーと交換しようと
する子どもがいた。
⑦第3の内容
①第8~10とちがう
どちらのハンドルを行為者がひいても2匹ともエリをもらえた。
⑦ 第16文の内容に矛盾
オ 第22 0譲ろうとした
※交換しようとした
②第17~18に一致

ページ23:

5
6 次の英文を読んで、 後の設問に答えよ。(配点 45点)
Celebrating Valentine's Day as a patient in a major hospital is a unique
experience. My husband, Louie, in 1988, was on active duty, in the U.S. Navy,
and his ship was hundreds of miles out to sea. I was in a hospital recovering
from a complete immune system "collapse. Of one thing I was very certain
there would be no flowers for me on that Valentine's Day. Nor would there
be a phone call or one of Louie's tender smiles to light up his eyes and melt
優しい
my heart. Usually I could stand the separation, but not today.
All the patients had their own problems, and my goal was to get well so
誰か
that I could get on with my life. I suppose one could say that I'm an overly
10 optimistic person. I view each downfall as a new beginning. I usually carry
私はワークの不を新たな始まりだと見なしている。
hope in my heart by the bushelful, but today hope felt like an elusive dream.
いつも十分に希望があるのに、今日はつかみどころのない夢のように感じられた。
Valentine's Day is a day to spend time with those you love. However, with
my husband out to sea, and my children in school, I felt pretty much alone. By
lunchtime, I had attended two physical therapy sessions. I had attended a craft
15 class, where I'd been given sharp pointed objects to help inspire my "creative
「創造的
20
side," and I couldn't help wondering who needed the "medication here. Then
な曲をかきたてる。
came a lunch that was guaranteed to add another five pounds. Those of us
who were able to walk around gathered in a small dining area so we could stuff
ourselvest oneself:お腹いっぱい詰め込む
Suddenly, the heavy steel door opened, and in walked my daughters, Jenny,
age 16, and Helen, age 13, wearing excited grins. Seeing their blonde and
red-gold loveliness brought joy to my heart and a smile to my lips. What a
nice surprise!
They explained quickly that they both had school permission to leave
25 during lunch and to make a special trip, along with the hospital's permission
to see their mother outside of visiting hours. "Incredulous, I looked over at the
*clustered nurses, who were wearing mysterious smiles on their faces.
Then Jenny handed me the small, brown paper bag. What in the world

ページ24:

was this? The last thing I needed was a donut. I opened the bag, my hands
欲しかったものリストのいちばん最後
30 trembling, and inside I found my husband's small pocket computer. Oh, it was
nothing like what you'd see today. It was one of the first small computers
which ran on an archaic "DOS" program. I hated the little thing. I didn't
TE
even know how to find the "on" button.
park Ork
I parked a smile on my face/before I looked back up at the girls. "What's
アに笑みを浮かべた
35 this?" I asked, in a cheerful voice. "It's from Daddy!" they chorused, grinning
大きく
円
broadly. Of course, my husband, the original techno-geek, wouldn't send
元祖ハイラクマニア
flowers. "How sweet!" I lied, grinning broadly through my teeth. "Turn it
on!" Helen instructed, her red curls bouncing merrily. "OK," I said, now truly
annoyed. I began pressing one button after another, looking for the stupid "on"
40 button. "It's the red button," Jenny explained. Of course. Red means "stop"
45
in any language, so it had to be the "on" button. Tentatively, I pressed the red
へにちがいない
ためしに
button. Then all kinds of whirring began, and the tiny view screen became
ウィーン
busy, and then stopped. The words jumped out at me, and in my heart they
were ten feet tall.
"I LOVE YOU, JAYE ... I LOVE YOU, JAYE... I LOVE YOU, JAYE!"
べられて
Again and again the words scrolled across the tiny screen, as the tears
streamed from my eyes. Louie had programmed his precious pocket computer
to scroll his love for me, for as long as there was life in it, and that's when I
命がその中にある限
discovered that a computer can be more romantic than flowers.
(E) immune system:
collapse:
by the bushelful: 満ちあふれるほど十分に
medication:
elusive: つかみどころのない
incredulous: 信じられない clustered: 集まっている
問1 次の1~5に対する答えとして最も適当なものを, それぞれア~エの中から1
つずつ選び、記号で答えよ。
1. On Valentine's Day, at first the author (
&7.10の内容が読みとれていなかった。
didn't feel as cheerful as usual
27今日は別れが我慢できなかっ10
1. expected to get a call from her husband
I.
had to enter a major hospital as a patient
knew she would receive flowers
).

ページ25:

Before the author's daughters came to see her that day, she (
ア. didn't feel like eating lunch in the small dining area
イ.
be given なのに madeだと思ったからまちがえた。
made sharp pointed objects in a craft class
たわけじゃない。手渡された。
missed her husband and daughters desperately
ひどく夫や娘たちを恋しく思った。
undertook one physical therapy session in the hospital
The author's daughters came to see her (
during the hospital's normal visiting hours
in the hope of surprising their mother
母親をおどろかせたいと思って
Y with their father, who had just come back
).
I. without letting their school know it
).
4. When the author saw her husband's computer, she thought (
first.
ア. her husband didn't really love her
イ. her husband knew she liked small pocket computers
it was the perfect Valentine's Day gift
お花が欲しかったから。
it wasn't an appropriate present for her
それは自分にぴったりのプレゼントではない
15. What the author's daughters brought her made her (
extremely happy
ものすごく嬉しく
イ. heartily relieved
心から安心
ウ. hopelessly confused
どうしようもなく困惑・
エ partially satisfied ある程度は満足
) at
) in the end.
最終的には
問2 本文の内容と一致するものを,次のア~クの中から3つ選び、記号で答えよ。
ただし、解答の順序は問わない。
訓練×
The author's husband was training on a warship on Valentine's Day.
The author was making an effort to recover from her illness in order
to lead a normal life! ℓ8.9
217
In the hospital they served enough food for patients to put on weight.
proudだと思った。でも本に書いてない。
エ The author was proud that her daughters had blonde and red-gold hair.
誇りに思っているかわからない
X
*. When the author's daughters came into her room, a nurse was there.
e29.
カ The author hoped that she would not find a donut in the paper bag.
While in hospital, the author forgot how to start a computer.
2472
もともと知らなかった
ク. The author's daughters programmed the computer to scroll words.