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Call 10% 23:56
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51/100
B 次の表は、本文のパラグラフ (段落) の構成と内容をまとめたものである。
51
54 に入れるのに最も適当なものを,下の①~④のうちから一つ
ずつ選び、表を完成させよ。 ただし、同じものを繰り返し選んではいけない。
Paragraph
Content
(1)
How to define humor
(2)
51
(3)
52
(4)
53
(5)
54
(6)
The creation of humor by using computers
① How humor can be classified
②
The evolution of how humor is shared
Using computers to understand humor
④ What humor can reveal about a person

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52/100
(@10% ■ 23:56
>
第6問 次の文章を読み、下の問い(A・B)に答えよ。 なお、文章の左にある(1)~
(6)はパラグラフ (段落)の番号を表している。(配点 36)
(1)
A good joke can inspire both laughter and tears. But it also has the
power to reveal information about both speaker and audience. It can provide
insight into our cognitive functioning as well as affect the direction of
computational research. And yet an exact definition of a joke remains
difficult to give. Although almost every major figure in the history of
philosophy has proposed a theory, there has been little consensus about what
constitutes humor. Nevertheless, it can be said that the study of humor has
been drawing quite a bit of attention from ordinary people as well as
(2)
researchers.
Some experts classify humor into two distinct types. One type is a joke
that ends with a punchline, the final phrase or sentence. With this type of
humor, a person establishes a scenario that may at first seem confusing
similar to a riddle. Understanding the punchline, which is unexpected or
funny, gives the individual a sense of having "solved" the joke. Let us take
a typical example of this type of joke: A man walks into a bar with a duck
under his arm. The bartender asks: "Say, where did you find the pig?" "It's
not a pig. it's a duck," the man answers. To which the barman replies: "I was
talking to the duck." The other type of humor is nonsense humor, a form
dependent on the act of offending the laws of logic to produce a comic effect.
Alice in Wonderland is a famous children's book that features many
examples of nonsense humor. In the book. Alice attends a tea party
where she meets the Mad Hatter. The Mad Hatter explains that his watch
is "exactly two days slow." which means that his watch is telling exactly
the right time.
(3)
People's reactions to a joke can shed light on their personalities. Some
research has shown that those who appreciate jokes with a punchline are
more likely to be older. conservative, and concerned with social approval.
They also tend to prefer routine and avoid uncertainty. People who enjoy
26-
nonsense humor, on the other hand, are more likely to be open to new
experiences and have high intelligence but are less likely to obey
social rules. Despite all of these tendencies, however, what an individual finds
humorous can change from day to day.
(4)
The way humor is shared in a group has also changed over time.
In the past, humor was often shared in the form of legends and fairy tales.
The advent of the Internet gave rise to a new form of shared humor: the
meme. A meme is a group of symbols or ideas that share similar content.
form, or viewpoints and are transformed, imitated, and spread via the Internet
by many users. An example of a meme is the popular Korean dance pop
video "Gangnam Style, which inspired people to create their own mock
videos and share them on social media.
(5)
Despite our ability to produce so many different types of humor, we
have yet to crack the code. Some researchers believe we are not even
close. But that has not stopped those in the field of computational humor
from trying. While they can program computers to make jokes based on
rules and templates, without a comprehensive understanding of context-
everything from knowledge about the world and the audience to subtleties
of language like sarcasm and irony-a robot comedian is still years or even
decades away. It may even require computers to be self-aware before they
can routinely elicit a laugh.
(6)
But the difficulties of teaching a computer to produce humor
can themselves be humorous. For example, a computer at Edinburgh
University came up with a joke that was complete nonsense, but because the
joke was so completely absurd, it was actually quite amusing. However,
attempts to teach computers to consistently create humorous content have
been unsuccessful. It is possible that before computers are able to finally
"solve" humor, they may redefine our notion of what humor is. And that's
funny.