ページ3:

They must have been something wrong with the host computer.
55
「~したに違いない」
as all our Computers crashed.
〜ので
あなたが困っていることについてもっと話してくれませんか」
Won't you tell me more about your problems?”
もうこれ以上話したくありません
"I would rather hot talk about it any mae"
自分の願望 would rather ₤24 would like to
強い否定の推測であったなずにない
Inonder who broke the wine gbss, it could not have been the cat
for she was out all day.
Two policemen are discussing a burglary in the jewelry store..
The window has been smashed.
: The window's brden, he must have thrown a brick through it.
: Not necessarily, he may have used a hammer, you know.
: True, but he can't have used a gun, because the neighbors didn'theor
1 You should give much more thought to the new proposal before
~すべきだ
彼が好運児であったと言われるのももっともだ。
athing.
You make a decision
| He may well be said to have been a fortunate man.
~するのももっともだ言われる
彼女は息子をぶらぶら遊ばせておくわけにはいかないと言っている。
She says that she can't afford to have her son ide
「~するわけにはいかない
そのことを熟知していない者に発言を慎んでもらいたい。
OをCの状態で保つ
Those who know little abut it should hold their tongues
する者
S
発言を慎む
だれでも話の内容がわかっており、それをうまく話せる自信があれば、舞台上であがることない
[Anyone who knows what he is going to say and is confident that
he' can say it
I say it wel, need not be struck by stage fright
「舞台上であが丘」→「舞台負け(stagefight)にやる」
40

ページ4:

2
・動詞編~
DATE
The maroger suggested that I go with him to the airport.
Igo
should
suggesti<suggest+that節>もしくはsuggesting で用いる。
○that節中の動詞に原形手に<should+原形>
子供っぽい
John apologized to her for his childish behavior
○ <angie to +人+for~)で「()だとを謝する
~が恋しい
• I am homesick for my parents...
「私に両親が恋しい」→「私に両親がいなくて寂しい」
Ⅰ miss my parents.
She chose her husband a nice tie.
= She chose a nice tie for her husband.
<choose +0(入)+○(物)>を<choose+O(物)>にして、
forを用いる。
He had his sister help him paint the wall of his room.
使役
ス 動原形
He wat his sster to help him paint the wall othis room.
使役人
○ <get+0+to~>
The old man's only son was killed in the war..
「その老人の一人息子に戦争で殺された
The old man had his only son killed in the war.
使役
過去分詞
・15
•30

ページ5:

NO.
DATE
ほんの車がる
The mere sight of a dog made her afiad.
~を見ただけで
「大を見ただけで彼女に恐がった」
0
C
形今のところ今は
I would like to help you with your work but I am too busy at the momcht)
「あなたの仕事を手伝いたいのですが今のとこう私にあまりに忙しいのです。
自分の意思を伝える。
Can you make yourself understoody in English?
~させてください
この文の意味
Let me explain the meaning of the sentence to you.
形
Counter
How can you keep yourself Cool under such circumstances?
0
C
「冷静でいる。 keep yourself cool
When I first visited Nara, I found myself, excited to see.
Frany historic monuments I had read sabout.
<findtotc>「Oがしであるのに気づく。
10
Computers have made it possible to sare a lot of time and later.
現在完了
Compute
I liked his new house, Jary I hadn't to be so small.
expedit
0
ためらい
7 moment's hesitation may cost a pilot his life.
S
K
あわせる
必要とする
deprive of
Cost
take
robof
一瞬ためらうとパイロットに命を失うかもしれない」
KOKUYO
40

ページ6:

~を望む
I hope for your success.
I though her parents had said "no" for a long time,/
hey finally let her go to Europe.
原形不定詞
made
「強制的にさせる」
旬
or let
「好きにさせる」
Will this tablecloth do or should I use another?
間に合う十分である。
腹を立てる
It doesn't pay to lose your temper.
4/11:186
~をおごる
"How old is she?" "Take a guess. If your guess is right, I'll treat you to com
D
of you treat these young people more kindly, the mill became less agressive.
自由に料理など取並べる
Please help yourself to the dishes that my wife has cooked.
〇が~するのを手伝う
If something goes wrong with the machine, I will help you fix it.
成り行きとしててするようになる。
How dis she Come to be invited to the party?
I offered the homeless man some money but he wouldn't take it,
Mr.Brown
①をCに任命する
They appointed Mr. Brown chairperson of [the] committee,
現象する
I'd like to have these two rolls of film developed by tomorrow
過分
I am sorry for any inconvenience I may have caused you.
but my German was fool poor to make myself understood
20
KOKU

ページ7:

~不定詞編~
× My parent's want me to go alone there..
5. My parents want me to go there alone.
・He was to attend the meeting, het to不定詞
彼は会合に出席するところだった。
・彼にその会合に出席することになっていた。
(予定)
The window was (x barely dirty enough a not too dirty)
to see through..
その窓は見通せないほど汚れてはいなかった」
ottoo. to~なくtoo-tor>全体を否定する表現>
大学まで来るのに何回電車で乗り換えますか?
10
How many times do you x conge trains to get to
スペル!! O charge
the college
「電車を乗り換える」 change trans→相互複数>
2.
shake hands with~「~と握手する」
make friends with~「心と友達になる」
20
-30

ページ8:

時制
I had been reading for an hour when he come in.
過去完了進行形
さかのぼる
副詞節
Do the dishes when you will have finished eatinge
未来形使えない
※完了形は使える
finish ~ing
今年の夏は10年ぶりの暑さだ。
過去の10年間で
This is the hottest sunner (that we had have for the last ten years.
省略可
For
tenyears
for と ten yearsの間に挿入
or than と同じ考え方
来年の今頃には君にそれに慣れているでしょう。
-15
~に慣れる
About this time next year will have gotten used to it
be動詞の代わりの
gotten
私たちは祖母を見送りに東京駅に行ってきたところだ。
見送る
20
• We have been to Tokyo Station to see our grand mother off.
「~に行ってきたところだ」
<seet人+off>で
(人)を見送る」
•30

ページ9:

DATE
動詞
少しお時間をいただけませんか
Could you spare me a few minutes ?
<spare十人十時間>で「(人)のために時間を割く」
~することを考える
We considered going but finally decided againstit
Consider ~ing Considerに目的語に動名詞をとる。
動作の継続を表す現在進行形
How long have you been lying (in) bed?
Tie 自動詞「横になる」
loy 他動詞「~を横たえる」⇒
自分で横になるので自動詞lieを
使う。
あなたは私に、彼に折り返し電話をさせるようにしてほしいですか
に折り返し電話をする
~させる
him/call
Do you want me / lot have him call your backs?
使役プ原形不定詞↑
_wanttotton>
目的語が代名詞の場合
callbackの間にくるんで
注意。
see t囚toffと同じ
15
・25
-30

ページ10:

助動詞
・66-
• 66 Could
"Could you join us for dinner tonight?"
もしあなたがでなければ、
えもしさしつかえなければ
"It"
歯痛
"You don't mind, I'd rather not. I've got a toothache.
I would rather not
「「むしろしたい」→否定形でむしろ(どうも)えしたくない
No experience is necessary for the job.
「その仕事に経験が必要ない」
You need not have any experience for the job.
= You don't need any experience for the job.
こんなひどい天気の中を外出しないほうがいいですよ。
10
You had bettior not go out in such terrible weather
このような偉人はいくら尊敬してもしすぎることはない。
「このような偉人
man too much.
+25
You cannot respect such a great
Cannot ~too. で「いくら~してもしすぎることはない」
君は毎月給料の一部を銀行に預けるべきだったよ。
「当然すべきだったのに(しなかった)」
You should have put part of your salary in the bank each month

ページ11:

受動態
NO.
DATE
ただ~というだけで
[接
必要
S
Some people claim (that words are invented only because @need.
Thas been left, s
言葉というものは必要性が感じられたというだけで作り出されると主張する人もいる。」
Send for the doctor at once.
を呼びやる避動
→Let the doctor be sent for at once.
命令<Letto+be+過去分詞>
「医者をすぐ呼んでください」」
→「医者をすぐよだれる状態にして
They were discussing the problem.
→The problem was being discussed Top them.
S
進行形の受身

ページ12:

受動態
"I was not asked
any questions..
「~で判断できる」
• A tree is known by its Amits.
大過去
1 The secretary opened the email, which had been delivered that ming
with
~され必要がある。
• This bicycle needs fixing.
~と予想される
• The weather isn't very good now, but it's expected to be better.
使役 不定詞
"I was made to wait for over an hour.
議論されべき問題
Tomorows
Of The question] to be discussed at today's meeting is, whether we should
-postpone the plan till next much
O He was laughed a by all his classmates.
• Don't let any trees around here be cut down.
・25
th
30

ページ13:

引きおこす
ちょっとの
21. An accident is often brought about by a bit of carelessness.
招待される
~に関する講演をする
1). He has recently been invited to give a talk on date processg.
31 Newton is considered by a lot of people to be the most brilliant Scienti
~で知られている
Who ever loved
素晴らしいユーモアのセンス
Among his friends. Tony is known for his great sense of humor.
-25

ページ14:

John is a good sportsman, as Bill was said toka.
1 Michael was seen by a reporter to leave by the side door,
~が成り立つ
7 Herdiet is composed mostly 6 peanut butter-covered biscuits and
へのことを耳にする
I They were heard of ino more. =7512
I The crime rate around here is rising.
Bob's house was haber into last weekend.
B
glasses of cola.
3) The construction will be postponed until next spring because of the
J
未来の受動態
Mudger shortage.
1) she was heard to call out for help.
This work be done at once.
過分
0
I
I got my pocket picked.
0
$10
=>
私は金を取れた
1. The injured player was being carried off the field.
S
10
・15
20
・25
•30

ページ15:

x
クリップボード
フォント
スタイル
現在から時間的に離れたことを示す過去形で現夫から離れた仮定の描である
とを示す。
◇仮定法過去･･･ 現在の事実と反対の仮定
→事実をそのまま述べる動詞の用法(直説法)。
I
If + S' + were ,S + would + 動詞の原形 「もし(今)S'が〜なら、Sは･･･だろうに」
~
過去形
could
might
If I knew his phone number, I would call him..
If I had enough money, I could buy that jacket..
◇仮定法過去完了･･･ 過去の事実と反対の仮定
Sは··· できるだろうに」
Sは…かもしれないのに」。

ページ16:

If I knew his phone number, I would call him...
If I had enough money, I could buy that jacket.
◇仮定法過去完了･･･ 過去の事実と反対の仮定
「もし(あのとき)〜だったら、
If + "' + had + 過去分詞 (p.p.) ~, S would have + 過去分詞 (p.p.)S は･･･しただろうに」
S could have+p.p.
Sは･･･できたのに」
S might have+p.p.
Sは･･･したかもしれないのに」
If Ann had been there then, she would have been very pleased.
I'I had had an umbrella, I would have lent it to the girl...

ページ17:

Even if 「たとえ〜としても。
If の省略 -> 倒置がおこる。
were healthy, how happy I would be!...
Were I healthy, how happy I would be!.
If he had left alone, he might have lost his way..
Had he left alone, he might have lost his way.
If his condition should get worse, call the doctor immediately..
Should his condition get worse, call the doctor immediately..

ページ18:

慣用表現
S + Vas if +S' + 過去形
「まるで〜であるかのように
【 仮定法過去 】
S + Vas if S' had +過去分詞 (p.p.) 「まるで〜であったかのように」 【仮定法過去完了】
as though
Andy looks as if he were ill.
You look as if you had seen a ghost..
It's (high) time S' + 過去形
It's (about) time S' + 過去形.
It's high time you went to bed..
「もう~してもよいころ (時間)だ」

ページ19:

|S + Vas if S' had +過去分詞 (p.p.) 「まるで〜であったかのように」 【仮定法過去完了】
as though
Andy looks as if he were ill..
You look as if you had seen a ghost...
It's (high) time S' + 過去形
I's (about) Lime S' + 過去形,
It's high time you went to bed..
「もう~してもよいころ(時間)だ」.
It's time for you to go to bed. でも表せるが、 仮定法を用いるほうが、「もうすでに寝る時間
を過ぎているのに」といったニュアンスを含み、感情的な色合いをもった表現になる。

ページ20:

節に代わる語句。
主語
「Sなら~だろう」
A true friend wouldn't desert you..
◆副詞句
With a little more money, I could have bought it.
Without your help, I would have failed...
「~があれば、 ・
■不定詞.
To see her dance, you would take her for a professional dancer. 「~すれば、・・・」

ページ21:

NO
DATE
準動詞
P.30
~
するのに忙しい
((2) Martin is busy in making plans to go to Los Angels.
(in to to
~したことを後悔する
x
「残念ながら~する」
(94) Irregie haung gone to the party alone. regret to~
(49).
~することを意味する
国
there issuchaquietplace~
(5) I didn't mean to be solate.med ~ing
(8)
-66
~するつもりである
=intend to~
How do you like this park?"否定で「と夢にも思わない
"It's wonderful! I never dreamed of there being such a quiet place
in this hoisy city!
(9) For him to keep the money would he desirable.
意味上の主語
必ず~する
[2] (1) He never fail to keep his promise..
~するほど無分別ではない
(3) I know better than for quarrel with my younger brother.
そして二度とへしみった
(4) One day he disappeared from town, never to be seen again.
結果
航空機の発達のおかげで、私たちは現在快適な空の旅を楽しむことができる。
[3](1) Thanks to the development of planes, we can now enjoy pleasantings byan
航空機の発達に私たちが快適な空の旅を楽しむことを可能にした。
→ The development of planes has made it possible for us to enjoy pleasant
~と言われている
(2). It is said that he read all the books in this library.
-SQ~と言われている
trips by air.
→ He is said to have read all the books in this library.
S
~するために
(3) I started early in order to avoid the rush hour.
結果として)~となるように
I started early soas to avoid the rush hour
→Istarted
40
KOKUYO

ページ22:

13
DATE
(5) It is useless to try to overtake them.
~しても無駄だ
It is no use trying to overtake them.
(6) It showed so much that they couldn't get there on time.
→
無生物主語
(人)が~するこを妨げる
The show kept them from getting there on time,
(prevent) o
「アーネストロ、彼女の感情を傷つけてしまったことを謝揮した」
(7) Earnest said that he was sorry he had hurt her feelings.
謝罪する
完動名詞
• Earrest apologized for homing hurt, her feelings.
(8) It is reported that five people were killed in the accident.
Five people are reported to have been killed, in the accident.
~される必要がある
(9) Your shirt needs mending.
(mane)"
※時制の差
You must have (get) your shirt mended.
過去分詞
完了名詞
4) (1) He was arrested on suspicion of having killed the man.
Aが~するのを妨げる
(B). What prevents various groups from preaching an agreement for the sake of
-30
Japan's future?
をお許しください hot1動の前
[5](4) Please excuse me from not having answered
You'r
etter sooner
「~できる能)、受け身
(5) When they walked into the and torium, not a sound was to be heard
KOKUYO
40

ページ23:

仮定法
仮定法過>現在の事実と反対の仮定や願望を表す.
If I were not busy, I would help you with your job.
もし私が忙しくなければ、君の仕事を手伝ってやめた。
※時制・注意!
I could write a letter to her, if I knew her addres..
もし私が彼の住所を知っていれば、彼女に手紙を書けるのに。
If my father were in Japan, he would get angry to see my report card.
もし人が日本にいたなら、私の成績表をみて怒るだろう。
If I were in your place, I would take car of the little girl.
もし私が君の立場ならその幼い女の子の面倒をみるだろうに。
If you were really interested in what I'm saying, you would't be
Storing out of the window.
「私の言っていることに本当に興味があるなら、窓の外をじっと見ていたりはしないだろう
■ As I didite know you didn't have a bey, I locked the door.
J
•20
→ If I had known you didn't have a key, I wouldn't have lot do the day.
「あげりこが食もっていないと知っていたら、私はドアの鍵をかけなかこのに」
こんなに寒いと、沖縄だったらいいのになあと思います。
When the weather is cold like this, I wish I could be in Obrana..
It's a
apity my
mother is hot alive now.
→Iwish my mother were alive now.
「今、母が生きていればなあ
•30
35

ページ24:

仮定法
<should were to >
D
実現可能性が少ないこと仮定
Of it should rain, I would not go.
16-雨が降ったら私は行かないだろう。
0
未来の事柄についての仮定。実現しない仮定
were is live to be 150 years old, I would not able to master.
that language,
仮に150歳まで生きたとしても、私にその言語を習得する(極める)ことができな
• Had I been there, I could have met her.
If Ihad been
<仮定法現在>
・ She proposed that the doctor be sent for..
彼女医者と呼びたやるよう提案した。
I Without his help, we mighing have lost our way. lose one's.
彼の耳かけがなかったなら、私たちに道に迷っていたかもしれない。
「道に迷う」
-20
way
J If she had not advised her son, he would not have succeeded.
→ Withant her advice, her son would have faileds
The sight of the dead body would have made her faint.
→
If she had seen the dead body, she would have fainted.
「死体の光景は、彼女の気を失わせていだろう」→「彼女が死体を見たなら~
1 One hydrogen bomb could destroy a large city..
反燃意起含む
1発の水で大都市を破壊できるバクラ
If she were to tell me everything, I would do my best to helpher.
If a big earthquake should occur, what would become of us fro
KOKUYO
40

ページ25:

受動態
I was not asked any questions.,
DATE
いかなる質問も受けなかった」→They didn't ask me any questions
This bicycle needs fining 〜され必要がある
T
It is said that he stays at this inh
→He is said to stay at this inn.
このことを耳にする~のうわさを聞く
They were heard of, no more.
「彼らは消息不明になった
S be heard of no mok「Sなこれ以上の消息に聞かれない」
「Sな消息不明である

ページ26:

準動詞(1~
DATE
「(人)」に~しないことを強く要求する
The mother insisted on her children not playing in the park after dark.
Chot
このアパートは彼の家族が住むのに十分な広さだ。
This apartment is large enough for his family to live in.
(6)が~するに十分
形(副)
(1
準動詞(2)~
この位置注意!
これは市民会館に通じる道ですか。
市民会館
Is this road leading to the Civil Center?
「道が通じる」能動関係→現在分詞の使う
When I told Misako the news, she seemed Surprised.
僕の歯の治療になとても時間がかかった
⑩「~を驚かせる」
○驚かされる過分詞
It cost me (a lot of money) to get my teeth fixed
費用
~接続詞~
過去分詞
使役
※〇の位置
1彼がその地位に最もふさわしい人だということに疑いの余地はありません。
There can be no doubt that he is the best man for the position.
SV
「Sがしすることに疑いの余地はない」重要構文 There is no doubt that str
「その赤んに食事を与えられてはじめて泣きやんだ」
feed「食べ物をえる」過去形
The baby stopped crying only when he wasted.
-30
It was not until the baby was fed that he stopped crying.
「~するまで…しない~して初めてでする」
40
KOKUYO

ページ27:

~接続詞~
「~しなければいけん、さもなければ、
You must
→You
study harder, or you won't pass
The examination...
~しない限!
You nan't pass the examination unless you study harder.
pass
if you do study harder
「私がドアを開けるやいなや電話のベルが鳴り始めた」
~するやいなや
As soon
Team as I opened the door,/ the phone started toring.
「~するかしょうに~すると
Sarely had I opened the door when the phone started to ring.
(hardly) 倒置
~関係詞~
※否定語のscarcelyが文頭にきているので、
主語と動詞が倒置になっている。
前の文を先行詞とする。
He said he had ared sports cal which was riot true,
←先行詞は人
Miss Days from whom I take voice lessons, is a very
-Itake roice lessons from Miss Pay
「カナダと訪れたことのある人ならだれがそこの美しい自然を忘れることができょうか」
Who that has ever visited Canada can forget its beautiful nature?
←前に先行詞として疑問代名詞があると
関係代名詞としてthatが用いられる。
反語
Some critics don't like the roy (how/ the artist became
関代省略
S
well-known all over the world
•35

ページ28:

~関係詞~
~するような
関代
I don't think James is such @person la si will cheat us out of our money.
ブラウンさんは、かつての彼とはとても変わってしまったと思うのだが選挙に出馬するつもりだ。
(かっては)だった
toler
-5
Mr. Brown, who I think is very different from what helused to be
is going to run for the election
~比較~
彼女はたった7歳だが、すでに歌手として非常に成功していた。
Though she was no wore than seven years old, she was already a highly
=only まだたったの
successful singer.
ジェラルドは致命的な失敗を犯したとたん、父の忠告を聞いておけばよかと思った
~したとたん
No sooner had Gerald made a fatal mistake than he wished he had taken.
否
~倒置
仮定法~
まるでへのように
his father's advice.
過去完了
She talked about the accident as if she had been there.
仮定法現在
The hotel guest rolemanded that this quit case be taken to his room at once.
→持っていかれる
(should)
もう11時から、あなたはそろそろ寝る時間だ
「そろそろ~する時間だ」
接続詞 <itis about time (that)+仮定法過)
It is eleven o'clock now, shitis about time that you went to bed
~きしていたら
H
仮定法過境
仮定法過去
I only had been able to meet Paul, I con 10 have given him
the important message about the meeting.

ページ29:

~名詞・冠詞・代名詞~
I There's somebody on the phone for you.
どんなんでも
肯だれか
誰でもできる
21 Any child can do such an easy thing..
不可算
1つの忠告
=1 Let me give you a piece of advice..
たくさんみょうどそれぞれ
10
I I keep hine hamsters in my room and each of them hapa home.
→ここに箱が5つある。1つに本が詰まっているが残り空だ。
甲数主語
all
→have
either どちらか
I have five boxes here. One is full of books and the others are all emply.
「2か月に1度」
5個―1個=4個
→複数になる
20
hair cut every other (second) months.
「1ヵ月おきに、2ヵ月ごとに
I have
my
~形容詞・副詞~
動形副を修飾形名を修飾
According to the report submitted to the president of the company,
profits are down considerably this year.
本と修飾
かなり
• 30
※Consideratelya「思いやり深く」
This book is
interest to those who like science. Action.
=interesting
oft名=形容詞

ページ30:

~形容詞・副詞~
→不可算
A little knowledge of a foreign language will help you a great deal.
(Alot of
順接
! You haven't touched your food, and you have hardly said a word
否定
(手とんどSince you gothome.
否定
2. Some people have a two weeks vacation in spring.
ハイフン
単数
数字と詞で形容詞の働きをする場合には、名詞に単数形
(699) a seven-year-old
The company had one of its most successful years ever.
Succeeding
「後に続く、続いて起こる」
I envy Peter. He speaks Chinese very well and can travel around the
→20
* good Contry without any trouble.
形
Fly
or Soon
" Where is Tom? I have to talk with him as quickly as possible",
" He it home sick today",
~前置詞~
~を尊敬する
He has always had a lot of respect for his boss and enjoys his job.
in→以内
→30
Doctors will be able to cure most disease within the next one hundred years.
分離 東京から
The city lies abovic 10 miles west of Tokyo.
~として推薦する
参考書
The librarian recommended this book
a reference.

ページ31:

~前置詞~
6
~と見分ける
It is
almost impossible to tell Mary from her twin sister.
(1)残念なことに
Wollmy regret she did not accept the offer.
~に好印象を与える
21 I'm sure I made a good impression on my interviewer at the interviews
「3つ以上)の中の1つで」
3) Tokyo is among the biggest cities in the world.
「人によって」
10
4. What is most important in life may probably differ from person ita person
~否定・その他重要表現~
倒置
:) "I don't like karaoke”! "Neither do I. It's too nois/"
(Nor)
仮定法
+ Ichiro Osted, "May I smoke here?". Atsuko answered, "I'd rather you didn't"s
32313747
強調構文 ⇒
It was because of the show thaill the subway
was crowded.
She was the last person I expected to see in the church.
→播期待していなかった人
Computers have made it possible to save a lot of time and labor
I had not been waiting long befive heard footsteps coming upstairs.
Mary maniably brought more food than she could ear
先行詞
+30
35