ページ1:

受動態
be動詞+過去分詞「…は~される/されている」。
This hause was built by my grandfather.
← My grandfather built this house.
「する側」から「される側」に話題の焦点を変える。
(能動態) (受動態)
→
①「される側」を主語にする。 ②動詞 be動詞+過去分詞
②「する側」(~によって)をby~の形にして文に置く。
「する側」(by~)を示さない場合。
English is spoken in many countries.
→
They speak English in many countries. (They=一般の人々)
「する側」が一般の人々の場合
The supermarket is closed at 10p.m.
→
They close the supermarket at 10p.m. (They=店員)
「する側」が明らかな場合
Mary people were killed in the war.
「する側」が不明な場合
受動態の否定形・疑問形,助動詞を含む表現
These rooms are not used today.
否定文: be動詞+not+過去分詞
Was the novel written by the actor?
Yes/No疑問文: be動詞+S+過去分詞〜?
When was the building built ? - It was built ten years ago.
-
疑問詞で始まる疑問文:疑問詞+be動詞(+S)+過去分詞~?
This magazine can be brought at any bookstore.
助動詞を含む文:助動詞+be+過去分詞

ページ2:

受動態の「時」の表し方。
The meeting will be held next Friday.
未来: will be + 過去分詞
● This video has been seen by millions of people.
完了形: have [has]/had been+過去分詞
The matter is now being discussed.
進行形:be動詞+being+過去分詞
※受動態ではbe動詞の「形」を変えることで時期を表現する。
S+V+O+O,S+V+O+Cの受動態
Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents.
→
0
Children are given wonderful presents by Santa Claus.
O(人)を主語にした場合
Wonderful presents are given to children by Santa Claus.
○(物)を主語にした場合:普通は0(人)の前にtoをつける。
※ give型
His grandmother made John this cake.
0
0
→This cake was made for John by his grandmother.
〇(物)を主語にし、必ずO(人)の前にforをつける。
※buy型(人)は主語にはしない。
●My classmates call the dog Ichiro.
0
C
→ The dog is called Ichite by my classmates.
①を主語にし、Cはbe動詞+過去分詞の後にそのまま残す。
KOKUYO LOURENZ