ページ3:

3 One opinion stated by a customer is that 8
the app encourages fast walking
the app's free functions are user-friendly
http to g
and quienes hy toe sho
B You are a member of the student council. The members have been.
discussing a student-project helping students to use their time efficiently. To
get ideas, you are reading a report about a school challenge. It was written by
an exchange student who studied in another school in Japan.
3 the shoes are good value for money
the shoes increase your cycling speed
To parpal to Ajo
4 One customer's comment mentions using audio devices. Which benefit is
this comment based on?
Better Balance
2 Promotes Exercise
3 Route Memory
Route Options A
9
barayasungas que apote
Commuting Challenge
Most students come to my school by bus or train. I often see a lot of
students playing games on their phones or chatting. However, they could also
use this time for reading or doing homework. We started this activity to help
students use their commuting time more effectively. Students had to complete
a commuting activity chart from January 17th to February 17th. A total of 300
students participated: More than two thirds of them were second-years; about
a quarter were third-years; only 15 first-years participated. How come so few
first-years participated? Based on the feedback (given below), there seems to
be an answer to this question:
300人
200人以上→2年
50人以上3年
15人 →1年
5 According to one customer's opinion, 10
is recommended.
allowing time to get accustomed to wearing the shoes
時間をかける
buying a watch to help you lose weight
3 connecting to the app before putting the shoes on
F
paying for the iSupport advanced features
Art at
T
You got a long day or spread man på amper viag
5歳
Feedback from participants
HS: Thanks to this project, I got the highest score ever in an English
yocabulary test. It was easy to set small goals to complete on my way.
KF: My friend was sad because she couldn't participate. She lives nearby and
walks to school. There should have been other ways to take part.
問4
SS: My train is always crowded and I have to stand, so there is no space to
open a book or a tablet. I only used audio materials, but there were not
nearly enough.
JH: kept a study log. which made me realise how I used my time. For some
reason most of my first-year classmates didn't seem to know about this
challenge.
MN: I spent most of the time on the bus watching videos, and it helped me to
understand classes better. I felt the time went very fast.
問5
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1 The aim of the Commuting Challenge was to help students to
11
0500-0
4 One of the participants' opinions about the Commuting Challenge is that
14
commute more quickly
improve their test scores y componentjes
3 manage English classes better
(4) use their time better
2 One fact about the Commuting Challenge is that 12
300×0.1=30人
⑩⑨⑩ fewer than 10% of the participants were first-years 1
it could have included students who walk to school.
the train was a good place to read books
③ there were plenty of audio materials for studying
watching videos for fun helped time pass quickly
5 The author's question is answered by
15
2 it was held for two months during the winter
1 HS
3
students had to use portable devices on buses
(2 JH
the majority of participants travelled by train
KF
MN
3 From the feedback, 13
were activities reported by participants.
6 SS
A keeping study records
Blearning language
C : making notes on tablets
D reading lesson notes on mobile phones -
A and B
②A and Cué camisoki przy
3 A and D
4
B and C
5
B and D
6 C and D
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Fakapagy Apartm
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第3問(配点 15)
A You are studying at Camberford University, Sydney. You are going on a
class camping trip and are reading the camping club's newsletter to prepare.
Going camping? Read me!!!
brain
Hi, I'm Kaitlyn. I want to share two practical camping lessons from my recent
club trip. The first thing is to divide your backpack into three main parts and
put the heaviest items in the middle section to
balance the backpack. Next, more frequently used
daily necessities should be placed in the top
section. That means putting your sleeping bag at
the bottom; food, cookware and tent in the middle;
P1 and your clothes at the top. Most good backpacks
come with a "brain" (an additional pouch) for
small easy-to-reach items.
top section
middle section
1 If you take Kaitlyn's advice, how should you fill your backpack?
1
②②
first aid kit,
map
first aid kit,
map
16
food, plates, cups,
tent
jackets, shirts,
trousers
jackets, shirts,
trousers
food, plates, cups,
tent
sleeping bag
sleeping bag
@
food, plates,
jackets,
shirts,
bottom section
cups, tent
A
first aid kit.
map
jackets, shirts,
trousers.
sleeping bag
trousers
first aid kit,
map
food, plates, cups,
tent
sleeping bag
is the best method to stay warm all night.
Last year, in the evening, we had fun cooking and eating outdoors. I had been.
sitting close to our campfire, but by the time I got back to the tent I was
freezing. Although I put on extra layers of clothes before going to sleep, I was
still cold. Then, my friend told me to take off my outer layers and stuff them.
2 into my sleeping bag to fill up some of the empty space. This stuffing method
was new to me, and surprisingly kept me warm all night!
I hope my advice helps you stay warm and comfortable. Enjoy your camping
trip!
<-14->
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2 According to Kaitlyn, 17
0 avoiding going out of your tent
2
eating hot meals beside your campfire
3 filling the gaps in your sleeping bag
wearing all of your extra clothes
<-15-
Fe
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ページ6:

-
B Your English club will make an "adventure room" for the school festival. To
get some ideas, you are reading a blog about a room a British man created.
問1.2
Create Your Own "Home Adventure"
問3
Last year, I took part in an "adventure room" experience. I really enjoyed it,
so I created one for my children. Here are some tips on making your own.
Key Steps in Creating an Adventure
storyline
puzzles
costumes
theme
-
1.4had the children wear costumes. My eldest son was excited when I handed
him a magnifying glass, and immediately began acting like Sherlock Holmes.
After that, the children started to search for the first clue
A
This "adventure room" was designed specifically for my family, so I made
some of the challenges personal. For the final task, I took a couple of small - PA1.7.
cups and put a plastic sticker in each one, then filled them with yogurt. The
"detectives" had to eat their way to the bottom to reveal the clues. Neither of
my kids would eat yogurt, so this truly was tough for them. During the
adventure, my children were totally focused, and they enjoyed themselves so
much that we will have another one next month.
1 Put the following events (0-4) into the order in which they happened.
18
3
→ 19 -> 20
4
2
First, pick a theme. My sons are huge Sherlock Holmes fans, so I decided on
a detective mystery. I rearranged the furniture in our family room, and added 1.3
some old paintings and lamps I had to set the scene.
Next, create a storyline. Ours was The Case of the Missing Chocolates.
My children would be "detectives" searching for clues to locate the missing
sweets.
The children ate food they are not fond of.
2 The children started the search for the sweets.
3 The father decorated the living room in the house.
4 The father gave his sons some clothes to wear.
2 If you follow the father's advice to create your own "adventure room," you
should 22
The third step is to design puzzles and challenges. A useful idea is to work
backwards from the solution. If the task is to open a box locked with a three-
digit padlock, think of ways to hide a three-digit code. Old books are fantastic
for hiding messages in. I had tremendous fun underlining words on different
pages to form mystery sentences. Remember that the puzzles should get
progressively more difficult near the final goal. To get into the spirit, I then
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・間2
①concentrate on three-letter words
2 leave secret messages under the lamps
3 make the challenges gradually harder
practise acting like Sherlock Holmes
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3 From this story, you understand that the father
became focused on searching for the sweets
(2) created an experience especially for his children
3 had some trouble preparing the adventure game
④ spent a lot of money decorating the room
23
now of
uits be brand
Batowice ent
an ex
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英語 (リーディング)の試験問題は次に続く。
-TO
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ページ8:

-
第4問 (配点 16)
Your teacher has asked you to read two articles about effective ways to study.
You will discuss what you learned in your next class.
How to Study Effectively: Contextual Learning!
Tim Oxford
Science Teacher, Stone City Junior High School
As a science teacher, I am always concerned about how to help students
who struggle to learn. Recently, I found that their main way of learning was
to study new information repeatedly until they could recall it all. For example,
when they studied for a test, they would use a workbook like the example
below and repeatedly say the terms that go in the blanks: "Obsidian is igneous,
dark, and glassy. Obsidian is igneous, dark, and glassy...." These students
would feel as if they had learned the information, but would quickly forget it
and get low scores on the test. Also, this sort of repetitive learning is dull and P
demotivating
To help them learn. I tried applying "contextual learning." In this kind of
learning, new knowledge is constructed through students' own experiences.
For my science class, students learned the properties of different kinds of
rocks. Rather than having them memorize the terms from a workbook, I
brought a big box of various rocks to the class. Students examined the rocks
and identified their names based on the
characteristics they observed.
Thanks to this experience. I think these
students will always be able to describe the
properties of the rocks they studied. One
issue, however, is that we don't always have
the time to do contextual learning, so
students will still study by doing drills. I don't
think this is the best way. I'm still searching
for ways to improve their learning.
-20-
Rock name
Obsidian
Rock type
Coloring
igneous
dark
Texture
Picture
glassy
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F3
194
P092
How to Make Repetitive Learning Effective
Cheng Lee
Professor, Stone City University
Mr. Oxford's thoughts on contextual learning were insightful. I agree that
can be beneficial. Repetition, though, can also work well. However, the
repetitive learning strategy he discussed, which is called "massed learning," is
not effective. There is another kind of repetitive learning called "spaced
learning," in which students memorize new information and then review it over)
longer intervals.
The interval between studying is the key difference. In Mr. Oxford's
example, his students probably used their workbooks to study over a short
period of time. In this case, they might have paid less attention to the content
as they continued to review it. The reason for this is that the content was no
longer new and could easily be ignored. In contrast, when the intervals are
longer, the students' memory of the content is weaker. Therefore, they pay
more attention because they have to make a greater effort to recall what they
had learned before. For example, if students study with their workbooks, wait
three days, and then study again, they are likely to learn the material better.
Previous research has provided evidence for the advantages of spaced
learning. In one experiment, students in Groups A and B tried to memorize the
names of 50 animals. Both groups
studied four times, but Group A studied
at one-day intervals while Group B
studied at one-week intervals. As the
figure to the right shows, 28 days after
the last learning session, the average
ratio of recalled names on a test was
higher for the spaced learning group.
100%
80%
The Average Ratio
of Recalled Names
60%
I understand that students often
need to learn a lot of information in a
short period of time, and long intervals
between studying might not be practical.
You should understand, though, that
massed learning might not be good for
long-term recall.
40%
20%
0%
Group A
Group B
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ページ9:

1 Oxford believes that 24
repetitive learning.
continuous drilling is boring
reading an explanation of terms is helpful
students are not interested in science
studying with a workbook leads to success
2 In the study discussed by Lee, students took a test 25
final session.
after their
four weeks
immediately
one day
one week
3 Lee introduces spaced learning, which involves studying at 26
intervals, in order to overcome the disadvantages of 275 learning that
Oxford discussed. (Choose the best one for each box from options ①~6)
contextual
2 extended
延長された
3 fixed
固定した
irregular
不規則な
(5
massed
集中した
Ⓒ practical
実用的な
4 Both writers agree that
28 is helpful for remembering new
information.
contextual
experiential learning
having proper rest
long-term attention
studying with workbooks
5 Which additional Information would be the best to further support Lee's
argument for spaced learning? 29
さらに
-
The main factor that makes a science class attractive
The most effective length of intervals for spaced learning
Whether students' workbooks include visuals or not
Why Oxford's students could not memorize information well
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ページ10:

03470-00
00
第5問 (配点 15)
ED
Your English teacher has told everyone in your class to find an inspirational
story and present it to a discussion group, using notes. You have found a
story written by a high school student in the UK.
Lessons from Table Tennis
Ben Carter
The ball flew at lightning speed to my backhand. It was completely
unexpected and I had no time to react. I lost the point and the match.
Defeat... Again! This is how it was in the first few months when I started 1
playing table tennis. It was frustrating, but I now know that the sport taught
me more than simply how to be a better athlete.
In middle school, I loved football. I was one of the top scorers, but I
didn't get along with my teammates. The coach often said that I should be
more of a team player. I knew I should work on the problem, but
communication was just not my strong point.
I had to leave the football club when my family moved to a new town. I
wasn't upset as I had decided to stop playing football anyway. My new school
had a table tennis club, coached by the PE teacher, Mr Trent, and I joined
that. To be honest, I chose table tennis because I thought it would be easier
for me to play individually.
At first, I lost more games than I won. I was frustrated and often went
straight home after practice, not speaking to anyone. One day, however, Mr P-3.2
Trent said to me, "You could he a good player, Ben, but you need to think more
about your game. What do you think you need to do?" "I don't know," I
replied, "focus on the ball more?" "Yes," Mr Trent continued, "but you also
need to study your opponent's moves and adjust your play accordingly.
Remember, your opponent is a person, not a ball." This made a deep
impression on me.
14
5 I deliberately modified my style of play, paving closer attention to my 3.4
Opponent's moves. It was not easy, and took a lot of concentration. My
efforts paid off, however, and my play improved. My confidence grew and I
started staying behind more after practice. I was turning into a star player,
and my classmates tried to talk to me more than before. I thought that I was
becoming popular, but our conversations seemed to end before they really got
started. Although my play might have improved, my communication skills
obviously hadn't.
6 My older brother Patrick was one of the few people I could communicate
with well. One day, I tried to explain my problems with communication to him,
but couldn't make him understand. We switched to talking about table tennis.
"What do you actually enjoy about it?" he asked me curiously. I said I loved
analysing my opponent's movements and making instant decisions about the
next move. Patrick looked thoughtful. "That sounds like the kind of skill we
use when we communicate," he said.
7 At that time, I didn't understand, but soon after our conversation, I won a
silver medal in a table tennis tournament. My classmates seemed really
問35
問2
pleased. One of them, George, came running over. "Hey, Ben!" he said, "Let's 3.3
have a party to celebrate!" Without thinking, I replied, "I can't. I've got
practice." He looked a bit hurt and walked off without saying anything else.
Why was he upset? I thought about this incident for a long time. Why did
He suggest a party? Should I have said something different? A lot of questions
came to my mind, but then I realised that he was just being kind. If I'd said,
"Great idea. Thank you! Let me talk to Mr Trent and see if I can get some
time off practice," then maybe the outcome would have been better. At that
moment Patrick's words made sense. Without attempting to grasp someone's
intention, I wouldn't know how to respond.
9 I'm still not the best communicator in the world, but I definitely feel more
confident in my communication skills now than before. Next year, my friends
and I are going to co-ordinate the table tennis league with other schools.
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Your notes:
Lessons from Table Tennis
About the author (Ben Carter)
• Played football at middle school.
• Started playing table tennis at his new school because he 30
Other important people
• Mr Trent: Ben's table tennis coach, who helped him improve his play.
• Patrick: Ben's brother, who 31
• George: Ben's classmate, who wanted to celebrate his victory.
Influential events in Ben's journey to becoming a better communicator
Began playing table tennis →32
33
34 35
What Ben realised after the conversation with George
He should have 36
What we can learn from this story
37
38
1 Choose the best option for 30
believed it would help him communicate
hoped to become popular at school
3 thought he could win games easily
wanted to avoid playing a team sport
52 Choose the best option for 31
asked him what he enjoyed about communication
encouraged him to be more confident
(3 helped him learn the social skills he needed
told him what he should have said to his school friends
3 Choose four out of the five options (0-5) and rearrange them in the
order they happened.
32
33
34 →→ 35
2
4 5 3
Became a table tennis champion X
Discussed with his teacher how to play well
3 Refused a party in his honour
Started to study his opponents
Talked to his brother about table tennis
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2

ページ12:

4 Choose the best option for 36
asked his friend questions to find out more about his motivation
2016-20
2 invited Mr Trent and other classmates to the party to show appreciation
③tried to understand his friend's point of view to act appropriately
worked hard to be a better team player for successful communication
5 Choose the best two options for 37 and 38
not matter.)
(The order does
⑩Advice from people around us can help us change.
Confidence is important for being a good communicator.
It is important to make our intentions clear to our friends.top
The support that teammates provide one another is helpful.
(⑤We can apply what we learn from one thing to another.
“UÍ MATE BAGİTAY Dwed an antiul sat awat, hosang his be
qu
arurat a cigar bjer y la bout to my sure danck
Due coger VA hadde men
TA
pmunks soos in evol in s batubes i
auto go gabe eg
(下書き用紙)
英語 (リーディング) の試験問題は次に続く。
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29-
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ページ13:

第6問 (配点 24)
2010-80
Others have an attachment to history; they seek and hold onto historical
documents, signed letters and autographs from famous people, and so forth.
A You are in a discussion group in school. You have been asked to summarize
the following article. You will speak about it, using only notes.
Collecting
Collecting Collecting has existed at all levels of society, across cultures and age
groups since early times. Museums are proof that things have been collected,
saved, and passed down for future generations. There are various reasons for
starting a collection. For example, Ms. A enjoys going to yard sales every
Saturday morning with her children. At yard sales, people sell unwanted
things in front of their houses. One day, while looking for antique dishes, an
unusual painting caught her eye and she bought it for only a few dollars. Over
time, she found similar pieces that left an impression on her, and she now has
a modest collection of artwork, some of which may be worth more than she
paid. One person's trash can be another person's treasure. Regardless of how
someone's collection was started, it is human nature to collect things.
2 In 1988, researchers Brenda Danet and Tamar Katriel analyzed 80 years
of studies on children under the age of 10, and found that about 90% collected
something. This shows us that people like to gather things from an early age.
Even after becoming adults, people continue collecting stuff. Researchers in 2
the field generally agree that approximately one third of adults maintain this
?behavior. Why is this? The primary explanation is related to emotions. Some
どうして収集を人口は
①感情
快楽
save greeting cards from friends and family, dried flowers from special events, 3.4
seashells from a day at the beach, old photos, and so on. For others, their
collection is a connection to their youth. They may have baseball cards, comic
books, dolls, or miniature cars that they have kept since they were small.
(2610-30)
-30-
For some individuals there is a social reason People collect things such as
pins to share, show, and even trade, making new friends this way. Others, like
some holders of Guinness World Records, appreciate the fame they achieve for
their unique collection. Cards, stickers, stamps, coins, and toys have topped
the "usual collection list, but some collectors lean toward the more
unexpected. In September 2014, Guinness World Records recognized Harry
Sperl, of Germany, for having the largest hamburger-related collection in the
world, with 3,724 items; from T-shirts to pillows to dog toys, Sperl's room is
filled with all things "hamburger." Similarly, Liu Fuchang, of China, is a
collector of playing cards. He has 11,087 different sets.
Perhaps the easiest motivation to understand is pleasure) Some people
start collections for pure enjoyment. They may purchase and put up paintings
just to gaze at frequently, or they may collect audio recordings and old-
fashioned vinyl records to enjoy listening to their favorite music. This type of
collector is unlikely to be very interested in the monetary value of their
treasured music, while others collect objects specifically as an investment.
While it is possible to download certain classic games for free, having the 3.6
same game unopened in its original packaging, in "mint condition," can make
the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable "collector's items" could ensure
some financial security.
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ページ14:

collecting a
将来性
This behavior of collecting things will definitely continue into the distant.
future. Although the reasons why people keep things will likely remain the
same, advances in technology will have an influence on collections. As
問4
Your notes:
technology can remove physical constraints, it is now possible for an individual
to have vast digital libraries of music and art that would have been
unimaginable 30 years ago. It is unclear, though, what other impacts
technology will have on collections. Can you even imagine the form and scale
that the next generation's collections will take?
20
Spear ben je
ying the colo
do to fav
O O O O O O O
Collecting
Introduction
Collecting has long been part of the human experience.
◆ The yard sale story tells us that 39
Facts
40
◆ Guinness World Records
Sperl: 3,724 hamburger-related items
◇ Liu: 11,087 sets of playing cards
Reasons for collecting
◆ Motivation for collecting can be emotional or social.
◆ Various reasons mentioned: 41
42 , interest in
history, childhood excitement, becoming famous, sharing, etc.
Collections in the future
°
43
That ng
The
bune w
en empting
10 p. The cube shed the expling
azete nga pri
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ページ15:

CHTO-D
1 Choose the best option for 39
① a great place for people to sell things to collectors at a high price is a
yard sale
2 people can evaluate items incorrectly and end up paying too much
money for junk
(3) something not important to one person may be of value to someone else
things once collected and thrown in another person's yard may be
valuable to others
B You are in a student group preparing for an international science
presentation contest. You are using the following passage to create your part
of the presentation on extraordinary creatures.
Ask someone to name the world's toughest animal, and they might say the
Bactrian camel as it can survive in temperatures as high as 50°C, or the Arctic
fox which can survive in temperatures lower than -58°C. However, both
answers would be wrong as it is widely believed that the tardigrade is the
toughest creature on earth.
クマムシ・
Oboe tandigeTardigrades, also known as water bears, are microscopic creatures, which
1594
環
are between 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm in length. They live almost everywhere, from
6.000-meter-high mountains to 4.600 meters below the ocean's surface. They
2 Choose the best option for 40
About two thirds of children do not collect ordinary things.
2 Almost one third of adults start collecting things for pleasure.
3 Approximately 10% of kids have collections similar to their friends.
(Roughly 30% of people keep collecting into adulthood.
3 Choose the best options for 41
matter.)
and 42
(The order does not
desire to advance technology
fear of missing unexpected opportunities
3 filling a sense of emptiness
4 reminder of precious events
5
reusing objects for the future
(6 seeking some sort of profit
4 Choose the best option for 43
Collections will likely continue to change in size and shape.
2 Collectors of mint-condition games will have more digital copies of them.
People who have lost their passion for collecting will start again.
Reasons for collecting will change because of advances in technology.
3
-34->
can even be found under thick ice and in hot springs. Most live in water, but
some tardigrades can be found in some of the driest places on earth. One
researcher reported finding tardigrades living under rocks in a desert without
any recorded rainfall for 25 years. All they need are a few drops or a thin 2.1
layer of water to live in. When the water dries up so do they. They lose all
but three percent of their body's water and their metabolism slows down to
0.01% of its normal speed. The dried-out tardigrade is now in a state called
"tun," a kind of deep sleep. It will continue in this state until it is once again
soaked in water. Then, like a sponge, it absorbs the water and springs back to
life again as if nothing had happened. Whether the tardigrade is in tun for 1
week or 10 years does not really matter. The moment it is surrounded by
water, it comes alive again. When tardigrades are in a state of tun, they are
so tough that they can survive in temperatures as low as -272°C and as high
as 151°C. Exactly how they achieve this is still not fully understood.
3 Perhaps even more amazing than their ability to survive on earth-they 4
have been on earth for some 540 million years is their ability to survive in
space.
(2610-34)
In 2007, a team of European researchers sent a number of living 2.5
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ページ16:

8T8
Tardigrade a
体の構造
tardigrades into space on the outside of a rocket for 10 days. On their return
to earth, the researchers were surprised to see that 68% were still alive. This
means that for 10 days most were able to survive X-rays and ultraviolet
radiation 1,000 times more intense than here on earth. Later, in 2019, an
Israeli spacecraft crashed onto the moon and thousands of tardigrades in a
state of tun were spilled onto its surface. Whether these are stiil alive or not
is unknown as no one has gone to collect them which is a pity.
Tardigrades are shaped like a short cucumber. They have four short legs
on each side of their bodies. Some species have sticky pads at the end of each
leg, while others have claws. There are 16 known claw variations, which help
identify those species with claws. All tardigrades have a place for eyes, but
not all species have eyes. Their eyes are primitive, only having five cells in
total just one of which is light sensitive.
5 Basically, tardigrades can be divided into those that eat plant matter, and
those that eat other creatures. Those that eat vegetation have a ventral
mouth a mouth located in the lower part of the head, like a shark. The type
that eats other creatures has a terminal mouth, which means the mouth is at
the very front of the head, like a tuna. The mouths of tardigrades do not have
teeth. They do, however, have two sharp needles, called stylets, that they use
to pierce plant cells or the bodies of smaller creatures so the contents can be
状突起
sucked out.
(01)
第4
Your presentation slides:
Tardigrades:
Earth's Ultimate Survivors
1. Basic Information
0.1 mm to 1.5 mm in length
shaped like a short cucumber
2. Habitats
⚫live almost everywhere
extreme environments such as...
6 km above sea level
✓ 4.6 km below sea level
in deserts.
✓-272°C to 151°C
in space (possibly)
4. Digestive Systems
44
3. Secrets to Survival
0
"tun"
active
45
46
47
5. Final Statement
問3.
(C)
⑤ Both types of tardigrade have rather simple digestive systems. The mouth
leads to the pharynx (throat), where digestive juices and food are mixed.
消化液
(A)
48
Located above the pharynx is a salivary gland. This produces the juices that
flow into the mouth and help with digestion. After the pharynx, there is a tube
which transports food toward the gut. This tube is called the esophagus. The
middle gut, a simple stomach/intestine type of organ, digests the food and
absorbs the nutrients. The leftovers then eventually move through to the anus.
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(2610-36)
Mouth
(D)
(E)
-37->
Anus
(2610-37)
J

ページ17:

1 Which of the following should you not include for
44
1-40
4 Which is the best statement for the final slide? 48
eight short legs
either blind or sighted
3 plant-eating or creature-eating
sixteen different types of feet
two stylets rather than teeth.
mp cayed (HS
2 For the Secrets to Survival slide, select two features of the tardigrade
which best help it survive. (The order does not matter.)
.45
46
①In dry conditions, their metabolism drops to less than one percent of
normal.
2 Tardigrades in a state of tun' are able to survive in temperatures
exceeding 151°C.
3 The state of tun will cease when the water in a tardigrade's body is
above 0.01%.
Their shark-like mouths allow them to more easily eat other creatures.
They have an ability to withstand extreme levels of radiation.
3 Complete the missing labels on the illustration of a tardigrade for the
Digestive Systems slide.
(A) Esophagus
(D) Stylets
(W) Pharynx
47
(B) Pharynx
Salivary gland
(B) Stylets
(E) Middle gut
(C) Middle gut
(C) Salivary gland
B) Esophagus (C) Middle gut
For thousands of years, tardigrades have survived some of the harshest
conditions on earth and in space. They will live longer than humankind.
Tardigrades are from space and can live in temperatures exceeding the
limits of the Arctic fox and Bactrian camel, so they are surely stronger
than human beings.
3 Tardigrades are, without a doubt, the toughest creatures on earth. They
can survive on the top of mountains; at the bottom of the sea; in the
waters of hot springs; and they can also thrive on the moon.
Tardigrades have survived some of the harshest conditions on earth, and
at least one trip into space. This remarkable creature might outlive the
human species.
5 What can be inferred about sending tardigrades into space? 49
Finding out whether the tardigrades can survive in space was never
thought to be important.
Tardigrades, along with other creatures that have been on earth for
millions of years, can withstand X-rays and ultraviolet radiation.
The Israeli researchers did not expect so many tardigrades to survive
the harsh environment of space.
The reason why no one has been to see if tardigrades can survive on the
moon's surface attracted the author's attention.
(D) Esophagus
(A) Salivary gland
(D) Stylets
Pharynx
(A) Salivary gland
(B)
Middle gut
(C) Stylets
(D) Esophagus
(E)
Pharynx
⑤(A) Stylets
(B) Salivary gland
(C) Pharynx
(D) Middle gut
E Esophagus
- 38
見るべき情報は(D)
tout to aggres
(2510-38)
-39-
(2610-39)