赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... 続きを読む

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

Sometime in the future - although no one quite knows when - your morning commute may look something like this: Open an app, summon a car ... 続きを読む

英検２級の英作文の添削をして欲しいです。問題はこれです。 Today, some customers ask delivery companies to put packages by their doors instead of receiving them direct... 続きを読む

誤りを含む下線部がどれなのか教えていただきたいです。

Knowledge is our most important business. The success of almost all our other business depends on it, but its value is not only [a]. economic. The pursuit, production, spread, application, and preservation of knowledge are the central activities of a civilization. Knowledge is social [b] memory, a connection to the past; and it is social hope, an investment in the future. The ability to create knowledge and (c) put use to it is the key characteristic of humans. It is how we [d]. beings and how we change how we keep our heads in the clouds. reproduce ourselves as social [e]. our feet on the ground and

意味が通るようにするために取り除くべき一文はどれなのか教えていただきたいです。 わかる方お願いします🙏

(17) Words compete for survival in each language. Some researchers investigated what causes the rise and fall of English words in two ways. One is an experiment where thousands of participants read English- language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. The other is a linguistic analysis of English historical text data that cover the past two centuries. The researchers found that the competition among words is closely associated with how humans use language: words that are acquired earlier in life, more concrete, and more stimulating are more likely to survive. From the previous two experiments, they determined that there are at least over 7,000 languages in the world at this moment, but will these numbers increase or decrease in the future? These findings may contribute toward interpreting the patterns of language change over generations of English language speakers.

大至急！ 英検2級2024第3回のライティングです。 採点・添削をお願いします。 採点→各16点満点(内容4点、構成4点、語彙4点、文法4点)

2 (9)1(10)(11)2(12) (9)1(10) 1(11) 2(12)4(16) 4(14) 3(104(1047) 7/20) 1(203(22)3(2014(24)5253 (21) 3 (22) 3 (27) 4 (24) 3 (25 (1) 4 (30) 2 (27) 2(28) 2009)2(3074(2103 ④4 Some people decide to go to other countries to work. Going to other countries to work has benefits, such as ·learning a local language and helping their future career 10 10 9 On the other hand, the new work environment wouldn't get used to it or couldn't see their family and friends. ousity 20 50-

間違っている下線部を教えていただけるとうれしいです。

[a]. Knowledge is our most important business. The success of almost all our other business depends on it, but its value is not only economic. The pursuit, production, spread, application, and preservation of knowledge are the central activities of a civilization. Knowledge is social memory, a connection to the past; and it is social hope, an investment in the [b]. future. The ability to create knowledge and put use to it is the key [c] characteristic of humans. It is how we [d] reproduce ourselves as social beings and how we change-how we keep our heads in the clouds. [e]. our feet on the ground and

Ｈ （9）の文です 実際の子供時代と私の子供時代はなにがちがうんですかね？そもそもこれ文構造がむずいんで解説してほしいです

(H) 出題内容 同義文選択 正解はア。 下線部(9)の文頭のItは,直前の最終段落第1文 (Looking back, I...) の my childhood を 指している。 could は 「・・・し得る」という意味合いの可能性を表す用法で,かつ could not have been の部分は仮定法になっている(この表現については,全文解説 <第1段落 > ③も参照)。 happier という比較級の比較対象 (than...) は 「筆者の実際の子ども時代」であ り、全体として「それ (私の子ども時代)は,実際にそうであった以上に幸せな時ではあ り得なかっただろう」という意味になる。 これは要するに「筆者の子ども時代は最高に幸 せだった」 ということなので,アが内容的に最も近い。 なお, アの more than は形容詞・ 副詞 名詞 動詞などの前に置かれ、「・・・以上であるとても・・・である」という意味を表す。 (例) Many people more than despised the unfair system. 「多くの人がその不当な制度をき わめて悪していた」 よってアは「私は自分の子ども時代がとても楽しかった」 という意 味になる。 ⋅ イは「私は子どものころからずっと幸福だ」という意味。 ウは「私の子ども時代は、よ り幸福ではなかったかもしれない」 という意味。 エは「私の子ども時代は決して満足のい くものではなかった」という意味 (far from... は 「... どころではない 決して･･･ではない」 という意味)。 いずれも上記の内容とは合わない。 最初にあるジャーナリストから 「あなたはきっと生まれた日に星くずを振りかけられたの “しょうね」と言われたとき、私はくすくす笑いが止まらなかった。 そんなばかげた言い回 それまでに聞いたことがなかったし くすくす笑いは、 照れたり不安になったり圧倒さ たりすると私がいつもしていることなのだ。 しかし彼女が立ち去った後、あれが私が恵ま ているという彼女なりの言い方だったとすれば、全く同感だと私は思った。 私は非常に この点で恵まれてきた。母と父と素敵な妹ローラが私の人生にいてくれたことに恵まれ、 ホールズの小さな町ニースで生まれたことに恵まれ、そしてとても多くの夢を私が叶えら とに恵まれてきたのだ。 a close-knit community and, however far its residents may travel to fulfil their various destinies, friends remain friends for life. Wherever I travel and put down roots in the future, it will always be my true home. Looking back, I wouldn't change a single thing about my childhood. not have been a happier time. (注) Neath ニース (ウェールズの都市) er she'd left, it, I thought I couldn't It could (9)

Many citiesからの文についての質問です。making〜は倒置ですか？目的語であるtemporary cycling infrastructure〜が長いので後ろに持ってきてますか？ あと、訳にはpermanentの意味が入ってないのですが施行する、に含まれてるので... 続きを読む

英語 ral world the perils er future rienteering higher in 2021 and 2020 than in past years. Many cities have committed to making permanent temporary cycling infrastructure implemented during the pandemic, which has supported large increases in cycling and additional commitments to improve cycle lane networks. We know that building and redesigning cities to work well for

誤リを含んでいる下線部がどれなのか教えていただきたいです。よろしくお願いします。

[a]. Documentary film began in the last years of the nineteenth century with the first films ever projected, and it can take many forms. It can be a trip to exotic lands and lifestyles, as was Nanook of the North (1922). It rainy day, can be a visual poem, such as Joris Ivens's Rain (1929)—a story about a is set to a piece of classical music, in which the storm echoes the structure of the music. It can be an artful piece of propaganda. [b] [c]. Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov, who proclaimed that fiction cinema was poisonous and dying and that documentary film was the future, made Man [d]. [e] with a Movie Camera (1929) as propaganda both for a political regime and for a film style.