ELEMENT [Ⅱ] Lesson1

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Lesson 1 Beyond Words
きれいでなくてもOK
わかるところはかかなくてもOK
Part 1
1 There is a lady in a coffee shop ( waiting for a friend y She is wearing a dress/
wait for~
まつ
that seems to be new. // Then a waiter comes along with a coffee. // He somehow trips同
代
一見える
見える。
もってくる
on something/and spills the coffee all over her. // Now her dress looks / as though
つまづく
彼のからだ中に
みえる
まるで()のように
she has been fighting with a bull / in a puddle of dirty water.// She stares at her
現
じっと見つめる
dress, / then turns to the waiter, / glares at him,/ and says in a loud voice, / “Thank
大き仕事でいう
・ちを向く
you very much!"//
皮肉
2 Do you think / the lady really wanted to thank the waiter / for soiling her dress? //
(動詞)
Was she looking for an excuse to go home / without seeing her friend? // Naturally, /
言い訳
前なしに
もちろん
you would answer, / No way. // She must have been extremely angry." // You may say
じっとにらむ
とでも
ともっていたにちがいない
so / because she glared at the waiter / while she spat out those words. // In other
Thank you very much
words, / it is the way she looked at him / and the way she talked to him / that helped
you understand / what her real intention was.//
a
Part 2
~を伝える
3 Often, / our words do not convey our intentions, / and sometimes / they do not
Our words
even convey the truth.// In order to understand people's intentions, we have to not
~でさえ
(時には)
⑤~するために
~するために
@
注意関心はり
注意を払う
pay
両方に
かかる
only listen to their words, / but also pay attention to other things / such as their body/
⑨かぶの表現
facial expressions and tone of voice.//
たとえば
( )のように
声の調子

ページ2:

Lesson 1 Beyond Words
④ According to Ray Birdwhistelly an American anthropologist, / no more than 35
によれば
~である
only わずかしか
percent / of the social meaning of speech as conveyed by words. // The other 65
まこと とまって伝えら
受け身
percent / is conveyed by body actions / Buch as facial expressions,
feve contacty!
Ö
touching, and body space, in addition to the tone, Pspeed, (and loudness of voice. //
~に加えて
These factors are called "non-verbal language."//
Part 3
非音声言語
G One part of non-verbal language is natural, / and we have little control over it)/!
@
@
非音声的
わる
心配している⑥
For example, / we turn red or white / when we are very angry or worried.// We
②~になる
⑨じっと見る
sometimes cry, / laugh, / shake, / or stare at things around us. // These actions show
意図せずに
our feelings, but they usually happen unintentionally.//
these actions
6 On the other hand, another part of non-verbal language/is learned just like any
ちがうこと始まるのも一つ別の部分
受付 ちょうどののように
一方で
どんな~ん
language, usually starting from when we are born.// Children learn how to express
社会的メッセージ
social messages / by watching the people around them / or being taught by adults.//
children,
成長
教られることによ
From a very early stage of their development, /they learn how they should move their
段階
bodies / to get along in society.// American children quickly learn/that smiling makes
(と)やっていく
(people happy.// Japanese children learn to bow / even when they have hardly begun
♪ほとんど
to talk.//
0:%
C = % or 3
い
これは
(osearcely)
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