(1)
x⁴+x²-2
=(x²)²+(x²)-2
=(x²-1)(x²+2)
=(x+1)(x-1)(x²+2)
(2)
4x⁴-37x²y²+9y⁴
=(2x²)²-12x²y²+(3y²)²-25x²y²
=(2x²-3y²)²-(5xy)²
=(2x²+5xy-3y²)(2x²-5xy-3y²)
=(2x-y)(x+3y)(2x+y)(x-3y)
(3)
(a²-1)(b²-1)-4ab
=a²b²-a²-b²+1-4ab
=-a²-2ab-b²+a²b²-2ab+1
=-(a²+2ab+b²)+(ab-1)²
=-(a+b)²+(ab-1)²
=(ab+a+b-1)(ab-a-b-1)
(4)
(a+b)²x⁴-2(a²+b²)x²y²+(a-b)²y⁴
=(a²+2ab+b²)x⁴+(-2a²-2b²)x²y²+(a²-2ab+b²)y⁴
=a²x⁴-2a²x²y²+a²y⁴
+2abx⁴-2aby⁴
+b²x⁴-2b²x²y²+b²y⁴
=a²(x⁴-2x²y²+y⁴)+2ab(x⁴-y⁴)+b²(x⁴-2x²y²+y⁴)
=a²(x²-y²)²+2ab(x²+y²)(x²-y²)+b²(x²-y²)²
=(x²-y²){(x²-y²)a²+2(x²+y²)ab+(x²-y²)b²}
中カッコ内をたすき掛け
x+y\/x-y …x²-2xy+y²
x-y/\x+y …x²+2xy+y²
=(x²-y²){(x+y)a+(x-y)b}{(x-y)a+(x+y)b}
=(x+y)(x-y)(ax+ay+bx-by)(ax-ay+bx+by)