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⑧ Because of Dr. Yamanaka's achievement, he received the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine.
put A into practice: A & 2191-44
A lot of researchers are now competing to put the technology (he created into practice.
同格の
In 2014, the world was surprised at the news that eye tissue created from iPS cells was transplanted
to a patient who had serious eye disease,
文
This marked an important milestone for tissue engineering, and a lot of research on creating
(
internal organs is now in progress.
進行中である
Dr. Yamanaka says that this kind of competition is a good thing for patients who are waiting for
the practical use of the technology)
Saving patients has always been the top priority on his list.
-
New Words & Phrases
笑顔
In achievement
Nobel
In physiology
[internal
organ
[progress
priority
「 milestone
Paragraph 8
ノーベル
生理学 生物の生態系についての
内部の
The B
進行
優先する
画期的な出来事
· be in progress
進行中である
<和訳>
external
⑧ その業績により、山中博士は2012年にノーベル医学生理学賞を受賞しました。
多くの研究者が彼が生み出した技術を応用する為、現在競争しています。
2014年には、目の組識がiPS細胞から作成され、重い目の疾患にかかっていた
患者に移植されたというニュースに世界が驚きました。
これは組識工学にとって重要な節目で、内部器官を作成する事に関する
多くの研究は今現在進行している所です。
山中博士は、その技術の実用化を待っている患者にとってこの牲の競争を救
最優先 のです。

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ELEMENT II Lesson 7 IPS Cells Paragraph 6-8 / New words + Phrases
ELEMENT II Lesson 7 iPS Cells Paragraph 1-5/ New words
No.
word
pronunciation
definition
No.
word
pronunciation
1
revolution
rèvǝlú:fan
2
skin
skin
definition
a great change in conditions, ways of working, or beliefs that affects
large numbers of people
the layer of tissue that covers the body
1
illness
2
transplant
3
properly
ilnos
transplant
protoparli
An
due (to A) djú
3
section
sékfǝn
any of the parts into which something is divided
部分
5
finding
fáindin
4
sew
SOU
to use a needle and thread to make stitches in cloth
~と縫う
5
tissue
tífu:
a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals,
and plants
6
overtake
ouvartéik
組織
6
engineering
endziniǝrin
the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building, and
control of machines, roads, bridges, or electrical equipment
7
journal
dzárnal
a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or
profession
1 *
8 Thomson
7
compete
kompist
to try to be more successful or better than someone else who is trying
to do the same as you
競争する
9
online
tomson
alonláin
8
treat
trit
to give medical care or attention to a person, an illness, or an injury
へと治療する
10 achievement
9
injury
indzǝri
harm done to a person's or an animal's body, for example, in an
accident
11
Nobel
atfi:vmant
noubel
# 1
12 physiology
10 limb
lim
11 joint
dzóint
12
swollen
swoulǝn
13 misshapen
14 ability
15 produce
misféipan
abilati
prǝdjú:s
an arm or a leg
a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that
enables them to bend and move
(of a part of the body) larger than normal, especially as a result of a
disease or an injury
not having a shape that is normal or natural
the fact that someone or something is able to do something
腫れた
手足
13 milestone
関節
14
internal
変形した
能力
15
organ
to cause a particular result or effect
~を引き起こすもす
16 debate
dibert
an argument or discussion in which different opinions are expressed
and examined
議論
16 progress
17 priority
fiziátladzi
máilstoun
internal
5:rgan
prát:grǝs
prais:rǝti
the state of being physically or mentally ill
to take an internal organ or skin from one person, animal, or part of the
body and put it into or onto another
in a way that is correct and/or appropriate
caused by someone or something: because of someone or something
information that is discovered as the result of research into something
to become greater in number, amount, or importance than something
else
(1958-) an American developmental biologist
while connected to the Internet
a thing that someone has done successfully, especially using their own
effort and skill
one of six international prizes given each year for excellent work in
the scientific study of the normal functions of living things
病気
-24778
きちんと
Aが原因で
FK J
~を追いこす
専門誌・雑誌
トムソン
オンラインで
* **
ノーベル
生理学
a very important stage, event, or point in the development of something
connected with the inside of something
画期的が出来
a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the
brain
the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving
or completing, something
something that you think is more important than other things and
should be dealt with first
内部の
器官
4545
優先する
17 cloning
klóunin
producing an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells
70-10
18 succeed
sǝksi:d
to achieve something that you have been trying to do or get: to have the
No.
phrase
example
result or effect that was intended
成功する
1
no longer A (not A anymore)
19 initial
mifǝl
happening at the beginning: first
最初の
2
one another (each other)
20
state
stért
condition of someone or something
状態
3
A and such (A and so on)
21
initialize
inifǝlaiz
disk
to make a computer program or system ready for use or to format a
3
4
out of shape
5
go into A (start A)
6
due to A (because of A)
7
heat up A / heat A up
8
keep the lead
9
be in progress
Going to Mars is no longer a dream.
The students helped one another on the project.
I like pineapples, mangos, dragon fruits, and such.
Why is my hat out of shape like this? Did someone sit on it?
After playing baseball professionally, he went into business.
Due to the bad weather, the sport festival was put off.
His words heated up the debate on the problem.
I am glad that our team kept the lead in the race to the goal.
Be quiet! The test is in progress.

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Lesson 7 iPS Cells
Reading Comprehension①
Paragraph 1~3
A Choose the correct title for each paragraph. There are some unnecessary options.
1(b) 2( a ) 3 ( f )
(a) Seeking Faster and Safer Ways to Create Tissues
(b) A Growing Medical Technology
(c) Incredible Scientists
(d) A Section of Good Skin
(e) Dr. Yamanaka's Failure
(f) From a Medical Doctor To a Scientist
B Choose the correct answer.
1. According to paragraph 1, tissue engineering
(a) is a growing field of medical technology
(b) is the latest name for medical technology
(c) is one of the most useful medical technologies
C.
2. According to paragraph 2,
b
is an important factor for scientists trying to create
tissue from their patient's own body cells.
(a) how they can beat other doctors
(b) how long it will take
(c) how many research studies they have published
Paragraph 4.5
A Choose the correct title for each paragraph. There are some unnecessary options.
4 (a) 5 (b)
(a) To Use Egg Cells or Not
(b) How iPS Cells Were Produced
(c) Dr. Yamanaka's Heart Muscle
(d) Fear of Human Cloning
B Choose the correct answer.
1. According to paragraph 4, many people think egg cells
(a) might be dangerous to be used for experiments
(b) could cause debate about how to cook them
(c) should be treated as living things, not objects
C
2. According to paragraph 5, iPS cells are
(a) heart muscle tissues created by Dr. Yamanaka's team
(b) four kinds of genes used in experiment
(c) skin cells in initialized state taken from a person's face
Answer T (true) or F (false).
1. A lot of people are against using egg cells to create tissue.
2. Dr. Yamanaka had to stop carrying out his experiments in human cloning.
3. The discovery of four genes led Dr. Yamanaka to success in creating tissue.
(T)
(F)
(T)
3. According to paragraph 3, Dr. Yamanaka decide to become a scientist because
(a) he was tired of working as a medical doctor
C
(b) he was interested in back injuries, broken limbs and such
(c) he was shocked by how bad a female patient's joints were
Paragraph 6.7
A Choose the correct title for each paragraph. There are some unnecessary options.
6(d) 7(b)
C Answer T (true) or F (false).
1. Today, badly injured skin is never recovered.
(F)
2. Research studies in tissue engineering have made little progress.
3. At one time, Dr. Yamanaka treated patients as a medical doctor.
(a) The Risk of Using iPS Cells
(F)
(b) Situations Surrounding Dr. Yamanaka's Findings
(T)
(c) Why Did Dr. Thomson Lose?
(d) Ways to Use iPS Cells

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B Choose the correct answer.
1. According to paragraph 6, part of the skin collected from a patient
(a) is first used to create medicine
(b) is directly transplanted into damaged body parts
C
(c) is changed into iPS cells and then grown into the necessary type of cell
2. According to paragraph 7, Dr. Yamanaka and Dr. Thomson
(a) were researching iPS cells together
(b) published similar studies on the same day
(c) won the honor at the same time
C Answer T (true) or F (false).
1. The cells that are changed into iPS cells for treating damaged heart muscle have to be
collected from heart muscle.
(下)
2. iPs cells need a certain period of time to grow into cells suitable for being transplanted.
3. Dr. Yamanaka won the first prize in the tissue engineering competition in 2006.
(T)
(下)
Paragraph 8
Choose the correct title for each paragraph. There are some unnecessary options.
8 ( C )
(a) Serious Eye Disease
(b) The Honor of Winning the Nobel Prize
(c) Practical Use of iPS Cells
Choose the correct answer.
1. According to paragraph 8,
marked a milestone for tissue engineering.
(a) the success in transplanting eye tissue created from iPS cells
(b) having created various types of internal organs
(c) Dr. Yamanaka's having received the Nobel Prize
Answer T (true) or F (false).
(F)
1. Dr. Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize because of his study published in 2014.
2. It was surprising news that iPS cells were transplanted into a patient with serious eye
disease.
3. The most important thing for Dr. Yamanaka is that patients' lives are saved.
(T)
(F)