a^(1/2) = A と置くと
a^(1/2) + a^(-1/2) = 4 は
A + 1/A = 4 ①
(A + 1/A)² = A² + 2 + 1/A² = 4²
より
A² + 1/A² = 14 ②
(A + 1/A)³ = A³ + 3A + 3/A + 1/A³
= A³ + 1/A³ + 3(A + 1/A)
= A³ + 1/A³ + 3*4 = 4³
より
A³ + 1/A³ = 64 - 12 = 52 ③
{a^(3/2) + a^(-3/2) + 4}/{a + a^(-1)}
=(A³ + 1/A³ + 4)/(A² + 1/A²)
=(52 + 4)/14 = 56/14 = 4