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市場の薬と
同じくらい
効果アリ!!
次の“care(ケア)”に関する英文を読んで,あとの問いに答えよ。(配点 44)
「いはゆる「代替の新しい
Americans spend $34 billion a year on so-called alternative medicine like *botanical
pills, *acupuncture, energy healing, and the like despite the fact that few of these
①「~を支持する、裏打ちする」、
techniques are backed by any science. Study after study has denied the ability of such
ついには~することに
up feeling
723
treatments to cure. But the same studies find that treated patients do end
better. For example, an experiment using Chinese herbs on women with cancer found
no effective difference between the herbs and a dummy pill because there was some
improvement with both. Why was that?
偽の
(1)
気休めの薬
The obvious answer is the placebo effect. We've known for decades that when sick
people are given a treatment, even if it's just a sugar pill, their condition often improves.
But that can't be the whole story. One clue to a better answer is found in research led
by Ted Kaptchuk at Harvard Medical School. Patients with *irritable bowel syndrome)
were told they'd be participating in a study of the benefits of acupuncture One group
which received the treatment from a warm, friendly researcher who asked detailed
w
~と同等の
questions about their lives, did report a marked reduction in symptoms, equivalent to
what might result from any drug on the market. Unknown to them, the researchers
used trick needles that didn't go through the skin.
(2)
Now here's the interesting part. The same treatment was given to another group
対比
of subjects but performed in a rude way, without conversation. The benefits largely
共感的な
(3)
some
disappeared. It was the empathetic exchange between doctor and patient, Kaptchuk
concluded, that made the difference. What Kaptchuk demonstrated is what
medical specialists have begun to call the "care effect". Scientific or not, alternative
doctors tend to express *empathy, to permit unhurried silences, and to ask what meaning
patients make of their pain. Kaptchuk's study was a breakthrough. It showed that the
opportunity for patients to feel heard and cared for can improve their health. Of course,
providing good care is no replacement for science. Care won't make a *tumor smaller or
set a broken bone. But (4) mainstream medicine could stand to learn something important
about caring from the alternative forms. Suffering people naturally try to get care,
in mainstream medicine, “care" tends to mean treatment and nothing more. Many
patients who really need empathy and advice are instead given drugs and surgery.
but
7
In 2002, a medical journal reported that knee surgery for *arthritis worked no
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better than a placebo. Knee doctors protested. Patients had come to them with their pain.
The surgeons provided care in the form they knew best and the patients' pain decreased.
But as with Chinese herbs, the surgery itself wasn't the thing that helped. Other trials
have shown that the study's findings were correct and silenced (5)the protests.
人を切望する
We all yearn for care when we suffer. When we can't get real caring, we seek out
the medical version, which is expensive and sometimes even counterproductive, Some
逆効果の
$210 billion is wasted on overtreatment every year, according to the Institute of
Medicine while a Medicare study found that excessively aggressive treatment kills
過度に 積極的な
some 30,000 people a year (6), the number of US adults who die from too much
medicine is now higher than the number who die for lack of it.
※攻撃的な
If we're going to fix our broken health system we'll have to solve the problem \of_
thin
as C
overtreatment. To do that) we need to stop thinking of care as just another word for
A)
treatment and instead accept it as a part of medicine to be studied. People who need
care in the nonmedical sense of the word shouldn't have to search outside of science-based
medicine to get it.
*botanical = 植物の
はり
~として受け入れる
think of Aasc
AをCとみなす
*acupuncture =鍼療法(金属製の細い針をつぼに刺して病気を治療する方法)
積極的な」
1 ①positive
*irritable bowel syndrome=過敏腸症候群(腹痛を伴う便秘や下痢などの腸障害)
「前向き!」
②active
*empathy= 共感
問1
しゅよう
*tumor
-
腫瘍
*arthritis = 関節炎
下線部(1)の内容を表しているものを一つ選び、記号で答えよ。
ア There is no more to study about the placebo effect.
イ There is some doubt about the placebo effect as the reason.
「自発」」
③aggressive
押せ!」
There are other reasons to consider in addition to the placebo effect.
エ There are several reasons, but the placebo effect can be considered the best.
問2 下線部(2)の内容を具体的に日本語で説明せよ。
問3 下線部(3)の内容を具体的に日本語で説明せよ。
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